WORLD WETLAND DAY , 2ND FEBRUARY ,2022 // RAMSAR SITES, NEW LISTED SITES

WORLD WETLAND DAY

World Wetlands Day is celebrated every year on the 2nd of February. This day marks the date of the adoption of the Convention on Wetlands on 2 February 1971 in the Iranian city of Ramsar.

The theme for 2022 is 'Wetland's action for people and nature showing the actions required to ensure the conservation and sustenance of wetlands.

It was first celebrated in 1997.

 What is Wetlands?

Wetlands are defined as areas intermediate in character between deepwater and terrestrial habitats which are transition in nature and mostly located between them.

The UN defines wetlands as ecosystems where water is the primary factor controlling the environment and the associated plant and animal life.

Why are wetlands important?

Wetlands provide essential ecosystem services such as water regulation, including flood control and water purification.

History

·         The day was first accepted as an international treaty named the Convention on Wetlands on February 02, 1971, in Ramsar, Iran.

·         The United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 75/317 for World Wetlands Day on August 30, 2021.

·         Though public awareness regarding the day started in 1997.

·         And the Secretariat of the Convention on Wetlands delivered the outreach materials like factsheets, documents, posters, and logos for educating the masses regarding the importance of wetlands.

Significance

·         The wetlands play a significant role in the ecosystem as they are the biodiversity hotspots, being the habitat for many aquatic flora and fauna.

·         It is also home to numerous species of birds, including migratory species.

·         The destruction of wetlands will lead to the damage of millions of people associated with the wetland ecosystem directly or indirectly.

·         So, observing this day will make people understand the importance of wetlands.

·         These wetlands, despite being critical for human survival, are disappearing three times faster than forests and are Earth’s most threatened ecosystem.

 

·         According to the UN, 35 per cent of the world’s wetlands have been lost in the last 50 years.

 

The Ramsar convention

 

The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty for the conservation and wise use of wetlands. It is named after the Iranian city of Ramsar, on the Caspian Sea, where the treaty was signed on February 2, 1971.

 

How many Ramsar sites are there in India?

 

·         India has 49 Ramsar sites, which include the Chilika Lake in Odisha, Keoladeo National Park in Rajasthan, Harike Lake in Punjab, Loktak Lake in Manipur and Wular Lake in Jammu and Kashmir.

 

·         These cover 7.7 lakh hectares - or 4.6 per cent of India’s geographical area - the highest in South Asia, according to a report of NGO Wetland International.

 

·         In May 2021, Sultanpur National Park and Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary (both in Haryana) were declared Ramsar sites.

·         The Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary near Jamnagar in Gujarat and Bakhira Wildlife Sanctuary in Uttar Pradesh have been listed recently  as Wetlands of International Importance by the Ramsar Convention, an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands.

·         The Ramsar Convention works with the collaboration of the following organizations:

·         International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

·         Birdlife International.

·         International Water Management Institute (IWMI).

·         Wetlands International.

·         Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust (WWT)

·         WWF International

 

LIST OF RAMSAR SITES

Ramsar Sites of India	Location
1.  Ashtamudi Wetland	Kerala
2.  Beas Conservation Reserve	Punjab
3.  Bhitarkanika Mangroves	Odisha
4.  Bhoj Wetlands	Madhya Pradesh
5.  Chandra Taal	Himachal Pradesh
6.  Chilika Lake	Odisha
7.  Deepor Beel	Assam
8.  East Kolkata Wetlands	West Bengal
9.  Harike Wetlands	Punjab
10.              Hokera Wetland	Jammu and Kashmir
11.              Kanjli Wetland	Punjab
12.              Keoladeo National Park	Rajasthan
13.              Keshopur-Miani Community Reserve	Punjab
14.              Kolleru Lake	Andhra Pradesh
15.              Loktak Lake	Manipur
16.              Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary	Gujarat
17.              Nandur Madhameshwar	Maharashtra
18.              Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary	Punjab
19.              Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary	Uttar Pradesh
20.              Parvati Agra Bird Sanctuary	Uttar Pradesh
21.              Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary	Tamil Nadu
22.              Pong Dam Lake	Himachal Pradesh
23.              Renuka Lake	Himachal Pradesh
24.              Ropar Wetland	Punjab
25.              Rudrasagar Lake	Tripura
26.              Saman Bird Sanctuary	Uttar Pradesh
27.              Samaspur Bird Sanctuary	Uttar Pradesh
28.              Sambhar Lake	Rajasthan
29.              Sandi Bird Sanctuary	Uttar Pradesh
30.              Sarsai Nawar Jheel	Uttar Pradesh
31.              Sasthamkotta Lake	Kerala
32.              Surinsar- Mansar Lakes	Jammu and Kashmir
33.              Tsomoriri	Jammu and Kashmir
34.              Upper Ganga River	Uttar Pradesh
35.              Vembanad Kol Wetland	Kerala
36.              Wular Lake	Jammu and Kashmir
37.              Sunderban Wetland	West Bengal
38.              Asan Barrage	Uttarakhand
39.              Kanwar Lake or Kabal Taal	Bihar
40.              Sambar lake	Rajasthan
41.              Sur Sarovar also called, Keetham Lake	Agra
42.              The Tso Kar Wetland	Ladakh
43.              Lonar Lake	Maharastra
44.              Wadhvana Wetland	Gujarat
45.              Thol Lake Wildlife Sanctuary	Gujarat
46.              Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary	Haryana
47.              Sultanpur National Park	Haryana
48.              Bakhira Wildlife Sanctuary	Uttar Pradesh
49.              Khijadia Wildlife Sanctuary	Gujarat

 

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