GEOGRAPHY IMPORTANT QUESTION ANSWER SERIES 9
Direction : Answer the following questions by selecting the most appropriate option.
91. Which one of the following is not correctly matched ?
1) Pragmatic Possibilism -Tetham
2) Human Ecology-Hackle
3) Probabilism- O.H.K. Spate
4) Stop and Go Determinism – G. Taylor
Answer:- human ecology – Hackle
The term human ecology was given by Ellen Swallow Richards’
92. Which one of the following is not an industrial region of USA ?
1) New England
2) Great Kanhawa Valley
3) Cincinnati-Indianapolis
4) Midlands
Answer:- Midlands
1) New England: Historically, New England was one of the earliest and most important industrial regions in the USA, known for textiles, machinery, and various manufacturing industries. While some of these industries have declined, it remains a significant economic area with specialized manufacturing and high-tech industries.
* 2) Great Kanawha Valley: Located in West Virginia, this region is known for its chemical industries, particularly due to the availability of coal and other resources.
* 3) Cincinnati-Indianapolis: This area, part of the Ohio River Valley and Midwest manufacturing belt, has a strong industrial base, including manufacturing, logistics, and automotive-related industries.
* 4) Midlands: While there are cities named “Midland” in the USA (e.g., Midland, Texas, known for oil and gas; Midland, Michigan, known for chemicals), “Midlands” as a broad, established industrial region isn’t a standard geographical classification in the same way as the others for the USA. The term “Midlands” is much more commonly associated with a major industrial region in the United Kingdom.
93. Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer using codes given below :
List– I List – II
A. Primary Activity i. Transport
B. Secondary Activity ii. Hospital
C. Tertiary Activity iii. Mining
D. Quarternary Activity iv. Manufacturing
Code :
A B C D
1) i iii ii iv
2) iii iv i ii
3) iii ii i iv
4) i iii iv ii
Answer: 2) A-iii,B- iv ,C- i , D- ii
94. ‘Geography in Twentieth Century’ book was written by
1) G. Taylor
2) Carl O. Sauer
3) Blache
4) E. C. Semple
Answer:- G. Taylor
95. Which of the following is not included in Gold collar. Activities?
1) Government Officials
2) Financial and Legal Consultants
3) University Teaching
4) Senior Business Executives
Answer:- 3 University teacher
96. Which of the following is considered as an interruption of the planetary winds ?
1) Westerlies Northern Hemisphere
2) Roaring forties
3) Furious fifties
4) Monsoon winds
Answer: 4) Monsoon Winds
Monsoon winds are seasonal winds that change direction depending on the season, blowing from the land towards the sea during the summer and from the sea towards the land during the winter.
97. Recently (August 2023) which of the following city hosted the 'BRICS' summit ?
1) Shanghai
2) Johannesburg
3) New Delhi
4) Sao Paulo
Answer:- 2) Johannesburg
2024- Kazan Russia
2025- Rio de jenerio brazil
98. The leading ‘Linseed’ producing state of India is :
1) Uttar Pradesh
2) Madhya Pradesh
3) Maharashtra
4) Karnataka
Answer:- Madhya Pradesh
- The highest producer of wheat in India is Uttar Pradesh, contributing more than 34% to the country's total wheat production.
- MP is the largest producer of soybean, contributing around 53 percent of total production in the country.
99. Which one of the following is not matched correctly ?
Bird Sanctuary Location
1) Vedathangal Bird Sanctuary- Chingalput (Tamil Nadu)
2) Rangathittu Bird Sanctuary- Trichur (Kerala)
3) Keoladeo Bird Sanctuary- Bharatpur (Rajasthan)
4) Nalapatti Bird Sanctuary- Nellore (Andhra Pradesh)
Answer:- 2 Rangathittu Bird Sanctuary- Trichur Kerala. It is located in Karnataka
100. Arrange the following chronological order (of orogenies/mountain building events):
A. Algoman
B. Caledonian
C. Alpine
D. Hercynian
Code :
1) A, B, C, D
2) A, B, D, C
3) B, D, A, C
4) B, A, D, C
Answer:- 2) A,B,D,C
A. Algoman (Precambrian – Archean Eon): This is one of the oldest known orogenies, dating back to around 2.7-2.5 billion years ago.
* B. Caledonian (Paleozoic – Silurian-Devonian): Occurred roughly 490-390 million years ago, forming mountains in parts of Scotland, Scandinavia, and eastern North America (Acadian Orogeny).
* D. Hercynian/Variscan (Paleozoic – Carboniferous-Permian): Occurred roughly 370-290 million years ago, forming mountains across central Europe (e.g., Urals, Appalachians).
* C. Alpine (Cenozoic – Paleogene-Neogene): The youngest and ongoing major orogeny, starting around 65 million years ago and still active, forming the Alps, Himalayas, and many other major mountain ranges.
101. Arrange the in following discontinuities in correct order from earth surface to core :
A. Gutenberg
B. Moho
C. Lehman
D. Conrad Code
1) A, B, C, D
2) A, C, B, D
3) D, B, A, C
4) D, C, B, A
Answer:- 3) D,B,A,C
D. Conrad Discontinuity: Found within the continental crust, separating the upper (granitic) crust from the lower (basaltic) crust. Its existence is debated globally, but it’s often placed as the shallowest of these.
* B. Moho Discontinuity (Mohorovičić Discontinuity): Separates the Earth’s crust from the underlying mantle. This is a very significant discontinuity.
* A. Gutenberg Discontinuity (Core-Mantle Boundary): Separates the Earth’s mantle from the outer core. P-waves slow down significantly, and S-waves disappear here.
* C. Lehmann Discontinuity: Separates the outer core from the inner core. P-waves increase in velocity here.
102. Which Iron and Steel plant of the following receive Iron ore from the Dalli-Rajhara mines ?
1) Bokaro
2) Bhilai
3) Rourkela
4) TISCO
answer: 2) Bhilai
103. As per financial year – 2022-23 which country was the largest bilateral trading partner with India ?
1) China
2) Britain
3) Japan
4) United States of America
Answer: 4) United States of America
👉The US emerged as India's biggest trading partner in 2022-23 on account of increasing economic ties between the two countries. According to the provisional data of the Commerce Ministry, the bilateral trade between India and the US increased by 7.65% to US$ 128.55 in 2022-23 as against US$ 119.48 billion in 2021-22.
👉In financial year 2023-24, China was the largest bilateral trading partner with India. China's two-way commerce with India amounted to $118.4 billion, slightly surpassing the United States, which had a bilateral trade of $118.3 billion.
👉The U.S. remained India's largest trading partner for the fourth consecutive year in 2024-25 with bilateral trade valued at $131.84 billion, while the country's trade deficit with China widened to $99.2 billion during the same period, government data showed.
104. As per Continental theory of Wegener the ‘Opening of tethys’ phase took-place due to :
1) Tidal force of moon
2) Tidal force of sun
3) Differential gravitational force and force of buoyancy
4) Separation of moon from the earth
visit this: continental drift theory by alfred wegner click here
continental drift theory by taylor click here
105. As per census – 2011 which of the following pair of states of India do not have Schedule Tribe population ?
1) Haryana and Himachal Pradesh
2) Punjab and Goa
3) Haryana and Punjab
4) Kerala and Punjab
Answer: 3) Haryana and Punjab
106. "Man is a geographic agent and not a beast." This statement was made in favour of which thought ?
1) Possibilism
2) Determinism
3) Neo-Determinism
4) Probabilism
ANSWER: 1) Possiblism
Possibilism in Geography
⧭ The relationship between man and environment has been of increasing interest to geographers throughout its history. One can say that the idea of geography as the study of man-environment relationship has a long history and has led to a long-standing debate about the position of man in relation to nature. Determinism and possibilism are the two mutually elite philosophies in geography which are centered on a man and his place in nature. Both these doctrines try to place man within the ambit of the environment and deliberate on the issue whether a man should be looked upon as a ‘passive’ agent or an ‘active force’ while interacting with the environment. In this process, he not only adapts to the environment but also brings changes within it.
107. Which of the following is not correctly matched ?
Shifting Cultivation Country/Region
1) Masole Congo
2) Coamile Argentina
3) Tavy Medagaskar
4) Tamrai Thailand
Answer: 2 2) Coamile - Argentina
In Argentina, shifting cultivation, also known as slash-and-burn agriculture, is commonly referred to as "Roca"
108. The Axis of European population is called :
1) 50° N Latitude Line
2) 40° N Latitude Line
3) 35° N Latitude Line
4) 60° N Latitude Line
answer: 1) 50° N Latitude Line
109. The term 'Topophila' is defined as :
1) The affective bond of human with its environment
2) The spatial dimension of separation of man and environment
3) The feeling of dislike, anxiety and fear in human
4) Synthetic study of human society and earth surface
answer: 1) The affective bond of human with its environment
Topophilia is defined as the love of or emotional connection with a place or physical environment. It's a term popularized by geographer Yi-Fu Tuan. This feeling can be described as a deep, almost ineffable bond between people and their surroundings.
The term topophilia was coined by the geographer Yi-Fu Tuan of the University of Wisconsin and is defined as the affective bond with one’s environment—a person’s mental, emotional, and cognitive ties to a place. Topophilia is studied here as a latent construct, an abstract psychological concept similar to “attitude” or “intelligence” whose variability can only be observed indirectly through its effect on measurable responses.
110. The transitional stages of sequential changes from one vegetation community to other vegetation community are called :
1) Climax Vegetation
2) Climax Community
3) Sere
4) Ecocline
Answer:3) Sere
Sere:
A sere is simply the term for the entire series of stages that an ecosystem passes through during ecological succession.
111. "Human Geography is a study of the changing relationship between unresting man and the unstable earth." This definition was given by :
1) Retzal
2) J. Brunhes
3) E. C. Semple
4) Huntington
Explaination: Ellen Churchill Semple (1863-1932) was a pioneering American geographer, known for her work in environmental determinism and human geography. She was the first woman president of the Association of American Geographers.
Key Contributions:
She developed and promoted the concept of environmental determinism, the idea that the physical environment strongly influences human societies and cultures.
Major Works:
American History and Its Geographic Conditions (1903) explored the geographical factors influencing American history.
Influences of Geographic Environment (1911) further developed her environmental determinism theories.
Areas of Focus:
Semple's work covered human geography, regional geography, and the relationship between humans and their environment.
Influence:
Semple's work helped broaden the focus of geography beyond physical features and towards human aspects.
112. The 'Boat Channel' is referred to :
1) Barrier reef
2) Atoll
3) Lagoon between Fringing reef and Land
4) When a tidal bore enters into a river
The most common type of reef is the fringing reef. This type of reef grows seaward directly from the shore. They form borders along the shoreline and surrounding islands.
When a fringing reef continues to grow upward from a volcanic island that has sunk entirely below sea level, an atoll is formed. Atolls are usually circular or oval in shape, with an open lagoon in the center.
Barrier reefs are similar to fringing reefs in that they also border a shoreline; however, instead of growing directly out from the shore, they are separated from land by an expanse of water. This creates a lagoon of open, often deep water between the reef and the shore.
Coral reefs are important because they bring in billions of dollars to our economy through tourism, protect coastal homes from storms, support promising medical treatments, and provide a home for millions of aquatic species.
Indonesia has the largest coral reef area in the world. India, Maldives, Sri Lanka, and Chagos have the maximum coral reefs in South Asia. The Great Barrier Reef of the Queensland coast of Australia is the largest aggregation of coral reefs extending to a length of 1,931 kilometres and a width that varies from 16-322 kilometres.
Coral reefs in India
India has four coral reef areas:
Gulf of Mannar
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Lakshadweep islands
The Gulf of Kutch
VISIT THIS: CORAL REEF
113. As per census – 2011 the work participation rate (%) was highest in which state of India
1) Himachal Pradesh
2) Punjab
3) Kerala
4) Karnataka
Answer:
114. Which of the following topography is also called 'degradational plain' in desert ?
1) Badland
2) Bahada
3) Pediment
4) Playa
Explaination:
Badland Topography:
The regions of weak sedimentary formations are extensively eroded by numerous rills and channels which are occasionally developed due to occasional rainstorms. The linear fluvial erosion results in the formation of ravines and gullies which are divided by numerous undulating narrow ridges. Thus, the ground surface becomes so uneven and corrugated due to numerous gullies and ravines that it becomes entirely difficult to walk on it. Such type of landscape is called badland topography.
Bolsons and Playas:
The intermontane basins in arid or semiarid areas are generally called bolsons. Such basins are characterized by 3 unique landforms which from the mountain front downward are pediments, bajadas and playas . Numerous ephemeral streams after originating from the surrounding mountain fronts drain into the bolsons. Some water collects in the centre of is a playa in the centre of the Tarim Basin.
Bajada:
Gently sloping depositional plain between pediments and playa is called bajada. Bajada is formed due to coalescence of several alluvial fans. Thus, bajada is a wholly depositional feature. The slope in its upper part ranges between 8° and 10° but it becomes 1° tozero in its lowermost portion touching the playa
Pediments:
Pediments situated between mountain front and bajada in intermontane basin are broad, extensive, and gently sloping areas of rockcut surfaces which spread as aprons around the bases of mountains. The term (pediment) was first used by G.K. Gilbert (1882) for the surfaces of the alluvial fans that encircle mountains in deserts.
According to Kirk Bryan (1922) ‘pediments are slopes of transportation cut on bedrock, usually covered with a veneer of alluvium in transit from high to lower levels. In form and function, a pediment is similar to an alluvial fan, the difference being that a pediment is an erosional landform and a fan is constructional’ (A. Bloom).
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115. The 'Malnad' topography is found along :
1) Dandkaranya Plateau
2) Tamil Nadu High Lands
3) Chhotanagpur Plateau
4) Karnataka Plateau
116. Which one of the following is not correctly matched ?
Koppen's Symbol Climatic Region (India)
1) Dfc North-Eastern Hills
2) Et Mountains of Himachal Pradesh
3) As Coromandel Coast
4) E Laddakh
117. In June 2023 which tropical cyclone developed in Arabian sea and hit Gujarat Coast ?
1) Amphan
2) Tauktae
3) Biparjoy
4) Nisarga
118. Which of the following statement is not true about Black Soils in India ?
1) This soil is spread in 10.6 percent of the total geographical area of the country.
2) The Black colour of this soil is due to presence of titaniferous magnetite.
3) This soil is highly retentive of moisture.
4) It becomes sticky in rainy season.
Black soil is also known to be the Chernozem, which is taken from the Russian word chernozem, meaning black ground. Black soil is a black-colored soil rich in humus and contains a high percentage of phosphoric acid, phosphorus, and ammonia. It is also rich in iron, lime, calcium, potash, aluminium, and magnesium. These soils are very fertile and are useful in the cultivation of various types of crops. Cotton is the most important crop that is grown in the black soil. Other types of crops grown in black soil include tobacco, citrus fruits, castor, and linseed.
Many theories have been given to explain the origin of black soil, but mostly it is accepted that these soils have been formed due to the solidification of the lava spread over a larger area due to volcanic eruptions in the Deccan Plateau.
Black soil is majorly found in the areas of Gujrat, Maharashtra, Western parts of Madhya Pradesh, north-west Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, and Jharkhand.
Some of the major characteristics found in the black soil include:
These soils are also known as the regur soils
Black soil is black in color because it is formed by weathering of lava rocks and contains a huge amount of high iron, alumina, and magnesium content
Black soil is extremely made up of fine clayey material
When sticky, these soils get stuck and are difficult to work on
It is well known for its high holding moisture capacity
During the hot weather, these soils get dry and develop cracks which help in the aeration of the soil
Black soil is ideal for the cultivation of cotton and is popularly known as black cotton soil
It is believed that the climatic condition along with the parent rock material is an important factor in the formation of black soil
119. Arrange the following hills in correct south to north order :
A. Annamalai
B. Nallamalai
C. Shevroy
D. Javadi
Code :
1) A, B, C, D
2) A, C, D, B
3) D, C, A, B
4) A, D, C, B
120. Which among the following is not a Gondwana age Coalfield in India ?
1) Chirmiri
2) Talcher
3) Karharbari
4) Nichahom
121. Which time period is considered as 'The Dark Age in Geography' ?
1) 1st AD to 3rd AD
2) 4th AD to 14th AD
3) 15th AD to 18th AD
4) 5th BC to 1st BC
122. As per World Population Prospectus Report – 2022 (UNO), arrange the following countries in descending order as per the total population :
A. Brazil
B. Bangladesh
C. Nigeria
D. Pakistan
Code :
1) A, B, C, D
2) B, C, D, A
3) D, C, A, B
4) D, A, B, C
123. Which one of the following is not correctly matched ?
Ocean/Sea Salinity (%)
1) Arctic 20 to 35
2) Bering 28 to 33
3) Okhotsk 30 to 32
4) Andaman 40 to 42
explaination:The Andaman Sea has a salinity that typically ranges from 31.5 to 32.5 parts per thousand (ppt), with some variations depending on location and season. The southern region generally has a higher salinity than the northern region.
124. Which of the following factors originates the oceanic currents ?
A. Rotation of the earth
B. Revolution of the earth
C. Salinity difference in oceans
D. Density difference in oceans
Code :
1) A, B, C, D
2) A, C, D
3) B, C, D
4) C and D
125. In Human Development Index Report (UNDP) 2021-22 India Ranks :
1) 130
2) 131
3) 132
4) 129
In the United Nations Development Programme's (UNDP) 2024 Human Development Index (HDI) report, India ranks 134th out of 193 countries. Forbes India reports that India's HDI value is 0.644, placing it in the medium human development category.
126. The lowest crude Death Rate per 1000 of population was found in which country as per World Population Prospectus (UNO) 2019 ?
1) Qatar
2) UAE
3) Bahrain
4) Oman
127. Which one of the following is not correctly matched ?
Koppen's (Symbol) Climate Type
1) Af Tropical Rainforest
2) Aw Savanna
3) Ca West European
4) Cs Mediterranean
128. The highest annual range of temperature is recorded in :
1) Taiga Region
2) Monsoon Region
3) Equator Region
4) Hot Deserts
Explaination: In monsoon regions, the annual temperature typically falls within a range of 20°C to 35°C (68°F to 95°F). While the average annual temperature might be around 27.05°C (80.7°F), the range can vary depending on location and time of year.
The average annual temperature in equatorial regions is typically between 25°C and 30°C (77°F and 86°F). These regions experience a consistently warm climate with little seasonal variation throughout the year
The annual average temperature in the taiga region generally ranges from -5 to 5 °C (23 to 41 °F). This makes it the terrestrial biome with the lowest annual average temperatures after the permanent ice caps and tundra. Extreme winter minimums can be lower than those of the tundra, with some areas in eastern Siberia and interior Alaska-Yukon having mean annual temperatures as low as -10 °C (14 °F)
129. Match List – I with List – II and select correct answer using code given below :
List – I (Slums) List – II (Place)
A. Basties i. Chennai
B. JhuggiJhoparies ii. Mumbai
C. Jhoparpatti iii. Delhi
D. Cheri iv. Kolkata
Code :
A B C D
1) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)
2) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)
3) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
4) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
Jhuggi – Jhompdi: Used in Delhi to refer to informal settlements.
Jhopadpatti or Chawls: Used in Mumbai to refer to informal settlements, often referring to single-room tenements.
Ahatas: Used in Kanpur to refer to informal settlements.
Bustees: Used in Kolkata to refer to informal settlements.
Cheris: Used in Chennai to refer to informal settlements.
Keris: Used in Bangalore to refer to informal settlements.
Basti: A general term for informal settlements, sometimes used interchangeably with "Bustees."
Pilkhana, Tikiapara, Basanti: These are specific names for informal settlements, particularly in certain areas like West Bengal.
130. Which of the following city is not situated on N. H. – 44 ?
1) Jalandhar
2) Sagar
3) Kurnool
4) Jabalpur
131. Tropical dry evergreen forests are found in India at :
1) Konkan Coast
2) Coromandel Coast
3) Tarai Region
4) Meghalaya Plateau
132. As per Census – 2011, how many million plus cities were there in India ?
1) 49
2) 53
3) 51
4) 55
133. Which of the following is not a type of rejuvenation ?
1) Dynamic
2) Eustatic
3) Entrenched
4) Static
Dynamic Rejuvenation:
This type occurs when landmasses rise due to tectonic uplift, effectively lowering the river's base level. This uplift can be caused by local orogenic movements or general uplift.
Eustatic Rejuvenation:
This is caused by changes in global sea levels, such as a decrease in ocean basin capacity due to mid-ocean ridge formation. Eustatic changes can also be caused by glacial activity (ice accumulation) or diastrophic movements.
Static Rejuvenation:
This type occurs when a river's base level changes due to factors like a decrease in the river's load or an increase in runoff, often after glaciers melt.
134. The depressions formed due to melting of large blocks of ice in the outwash plains are called :
1) Kettle
2) Hummock
3) Kame
4) Sandar
135. Which of the following is not correctly matched ?
Satellites Planet
1) Deimos, Phobos Neptune
2) Ganymede, Europa Jupiter
3) Titan, Tethys Saturn
4) Miranda, Titania Uranus
136. Which type of settlement pattern developes along a lavee ?
1) Rectangular
2) Circular
3) T-Shaped
4) Linear
137. The Welland Canal connects :
1) Lake Erie and Lake Ontario
2) Lake Superior and Lake Huron
3) Lake Michigan and Lake Superior
4) Lake Huron and Lake Michigan
138. As per Weber's Least Cost theory the lines joining the points of equal transport cost are called :
1) Isotims
2) Isodopane
3) Isotrans
4) Isohytes
139. Kiruna and Gallivare are important Iron ore producing areas of which country ?
1) Brazil
2) Sweden
3) Poland
4) Argentina
140. Which among the following is/are correctly matched ?
A. Normal lapse rate – 3°F per 1000 feet
B. Dry adiabatic change rate – 5.5° F per 1000 feet
C. Wet adiabatic change rate – 3.6°F per 1000 feet
Code :
1) Only A
2) A and B
3) B and C
4) Only B
141. The frequency of Tropical tide on Tropic of cancer comes ………….. in a synodic month.
1) 8 times
2) 4 times
3) only one time
4) 2 times
142. The 'Mobility Transition Theory' was formulated by :
1) Ravanstein
2) Zelinsky
3) Lee
4) Cristopher
143. The Aurora Australis phenomena take place in :
1) Stratosphere
2) Troposphere
3) Ionosphere
4) Mesosphere
144. The faults formed due to horizontal displacement of rock blocks along the fault plane caused by horizontal movement are called :
1) Normal Fault
2) Reverse Fault
3) Strike-slip Fault
4) Thrust Fault
145. Between which countries the Mahakali Treaty was signed in February 1996 ?
1) India–China
2) India–China–Nepal
3) India–Nepal
4) India–Bhutan–Nepal
146. The Sukinda Valley is known for the production of which mineral ?
1) Tungsten
2) Nickel
3) Bauxite
4) Pyrite
147. Which of the following is not catastrophic theory of origin of the earth ?
1) Planetessimal Hypothesis of Chemberlin and Moulten
2) Tidal hypothesis of Jeans and Jeffrey
3) Nebular hypothesis of Laplace
4) Nova star hypothesis of Hoyale and Lytteleton
148. Which state of India share the longest International border with Bangladesh ?
1) Meghalaya
2) West Bengal
3) Tripura
4) Mizoram
149. As per Pasco and Pilgrim the ancient Indobrahma river discharge its water into :
1) Bay of Bengal
2) Persian Gulf
3) Arabian Sea
4) Bay of Indus
150. The 'East African Rift Valley' is an example of :
1) Ocean-ocean divergent plates boundaries
2) Oceanic-continental divergent plates boundaries
3) Continental-continental convergent plates boundaries
4) Continental-continental divergent plates boundaries
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