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EARTH MOVEMENT:FOLD// CLASS 11/B.A//B.SC//MSC// EXAMINATION

 EARTH MOVEMENT:FOLD// CLASS 11/B.A//B.SC//MSC// EXAMINATION

 



DEFINITION:

 wave like bends formed in crustal bends by tangential compressive forces resulting from the horizontal movement caused by endogenetic force originating deep within the earth are called fold

DIFFERENT ELEMENTS OF FOLD



1. Axis of fold:- the plane which bisects the angle between two limbs of the anticline or middle limb of the syncline is axis of fold or axial plane.

 2. Limbs: Two sides of fold is called limbs

3. Crest: the highest point  of a fold is called crest.

4. Trough : the lowest point of a fold is called trough.

5. . Strike: the strike is the direction of any horizontal line along a bedding plane

6. Dip: The inclination of rock beds with respect to horizontal plane is termed as Dip.

 TYPE OF FOLD

 

ANTICLINES:- The uploaded rock beds are called anticlines.

 Anticlinorium:- it refers to folded structures in the regions of folded mountains where are a series of minor anticlines and synclines within  one extensive anticline.

 


 3.Synclines: down folded rocks beds due to compressive forces are caused by horizontal tangential forces are called syncline. 


4.Synclinorium: it refers to folded structures which includes an extensive syncline having numerous  minor anticlines and synclines within  one extensive anticline.



SYMMETRICAL FOLDS: When two limbs of a fold is inclined uniformly and formed due to compressive force in both side having moderate intensity is called symmetrical folds.

 

ASYMMETRICAL FOLDS: It is characterized by unequal and irreguar limbs with different angles is called asymmetrical fold. One limb is relatively larger and inclination is also moderate and regular and the other limb is shorter and steep inclination

 


MONOCLINAL FOLDs are those in which one limb inclines moderately with regular slope and other limb is steep at right angle , and steep is almost vertical.Vertical force and movement are responsible for the development of this type of fold.

 


ISOCLINAL FOLDS are formed when compressive forces are so strong that the limbs of both sides become parallel each other but not in horizontal manner.

 


NAPPES:

 

Nappes are the result of complex folding mechanism caused by intense horizontal movement and resultant compressive force.The limbs of recumbent forces are parallel and horizontal. When these limbs are increased further due to compressive force , one limbe overrides other fold

 

 

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