TAMIL NADU TET 2025 SST PAPER
CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND PEDAGOGY
1. Which among the following is not a verbal test of intelligence?
(a) Test of General Information
(b) Comprehension
(c) Digit Span
(d) Digit Symbol
Options:
(A) (a) and (b) only
(B) (b) and (c) only
(C) (c) only
(D) (d) only
✅ Correct Answer: (D) (d) only
Explanation:
Verbal intelligence tests require the use of language and verbal reasoning.
- General Information → Verbal Test ✔️
- Comprehension → Verbal Test ✔️
- Digit Span → Verbal Test (memory using numbers) ✔️
- Digit Symbol → Performance/Non-verbal Test ❌
Therefore, Digit Symbol is not a verbal intelligence test.
2. Which among the following are misconceptions about personality?
(a) Physical make-up of the individual
(b) Manner of walking and talking
(c) More or less stable and enduring character
(d) Manner of dressing
Options:
(A) (b), (c) and (d) only
(B) (a), (c) and (d) only
(C) (a), (b) and (c) only
(D) (a), (b) and (d) only
✅ Correct Answer: (D) (a), (b) and (d) only
Explanation:
Many people wrongly assume that personality means only:
- Physical appearance ❌
- Style of walking and speaking ❌
- Dressing style ❌
However, personality is actually a stable and enduring pattern of behaviour, thoughts, emotions, and characteristics.
Hence, (c) represents the scientific understanding of personality, whereas (a), (b), and (d) are misconceptions.
3. Name the term that refers to the prenatal special growth centres in the bones.
(A) Epigenetics
(B) Epistal skeletons
(C) Epiphyses
(D) Bonal zones
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Epiphyses
Explanation:
Epiphyses are the growth centres located at the ends of long bones. These centres are responsible for bone growth during prenatal and postnatal development.
- Epigenetics → Study of changes in gene expression.
- Epistal skeletons → Incorrect term.
- Bonal zones → Incorrect term.
Therefore, the correct answer is Epiphyses.
4. Which among the following are features of e-learning?
(a) Instant formative assessment
(b) Adequate multimedia skills
(c) Real-time learning
(d) Introduces abstract concepts
Options:
(A) (a), (b) and (c) only
(B) (b), (c) and (d) only
(C) (a), (b) and (d) only
(D) (a), (c) and (d) only
✅ Correct Answer: (D) (a), (c) and (d) only
Explanation:
E-learning possesses several distinctive features:
✔️ Instant formative assessment – Online platforms provide immediate feedback through quizzes and tests.
✔️ Real-time learning – Learners can participate in live classes, webinars, and virtual discussions.
✔️ Introduces abstract concepts – Multimedia tools such as animations, simulations, and videos help learners understand abstract ideas effectively.
❌ Adequate multimedia skills – This is not a feature of e-learning itself; rather, it is a skill or competency required by learners or teachers.
Hence, the correct combination is (a), (c), and (d).
5. Given below are two statements:
Statement I:
According to Sigmund Freud, morality emerges between the ages of 3 and 6 years.
Statement II:
The period between ages 3 and 6 years is when Oedipus and Electra conflicts arise.
Options:
(A) Both Statements I and II are correct.
(B) Both Statements I and II are incorrect.
(C) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
(D) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Both Statements I and II are correct
Explanation:
According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development:
- The age period 3–6 years corresponds to the Phallic Stage.
- During this stage, children experience the Oedipus complex (boys) and Electra complex (girls). ✔️
- Successful resolution of these conflicts leads to the development of the Superego, which forms the basis of morality and conscience. ✔️
Therefore, both statements are correct.
6. Which of the following is not a mnemonic device?
(a) The method of loci
(b) SQ3R technique
(c) The peg-word method
(d) The narrative-chaining method
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(A) (a) only
(B) (b) only
(C) (c) only
(D) (d) only
✅ Correct Answer: (B) (b) only
Explanation:
A mnemonic device is a memory aid used to improve retention and recall.
✔️ Method of Loci – A mnemonic technique that associates information with specific locations.
✔️ Peg-word Method – A mnemonic strategy that links items to be remembered with familiar words.
✔️ Narrative-Chaining Method – A mnemonic in which items are linked together in the form of a story.
❌ SQ3R Technique (Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review) is a study-reading technique, not a mnemonic device.
Hence, the correct answer is (B) (b) only.
7. Given below are two statements:
Assertion (A):
The study of development is divided into three broad domains: physical, cognitive, and emotional and social.
Reason (R):
The concept of human consistency and change is vast and interdisciplinary. It should be studied more orderly.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is the correct explanation of 'A'.
(B) Both 'A' and 'R' are true but 'R' is not the correct explanation of 'A'.
(C) 'A' is true but 'R' is false.
(D) 'A' is false but 'R' is true.
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is the correct explanation of 'A'.
Explanation:
✔️ Assertion (A) is true because developmental psychologists generally classify human development into three major domains:
- Physical Development
- Cognitive Development
- Socio-emotional Development
✔️ Reason (R) is also true because human development involves numerous changes across the lifespan and draws knowledge from several disciplines such as psychology, biology, sociology, and education.
Since the field is vast and interdisciplinary, it is divided into domains for systematic and orderly study.
Therefore, Reason (R) correctly explains Assertion (A).
8. Which among the following are misconceptions about intelligence?
(a) Intelligence is related to knowledge.
(b) Intelligence is related to memory.
(c) Vertical growth of intelligence ceases after a certain age.
(d) Intelligence guarantees against abnormal behaviour.
Options:
(A) (b), (c) and (d) only
(B) (a), (c) and (d) only
(C) (a), (b) and (c) only
(D) (a), (b) and (d) only
✅ Correct Answer: (A) (b), (c) and (d) only
Explanation:
The following are common misconceptions about intelligence:
❌ (b) Intelligence is related to memory alone – Memory is only one aspect; intelligence is broader.
❌ (c) Growth of intelligence ceases after a certain age – Intelligence continues to develop, although the rate may vary.
❌ (d) Intelligence guarantees normal behaviour – Highly intelligent individuals may also exhibit abnormal behaviour.
✔️ (a) Intelligence is related to knowledge – Knowledge and intelligence are related, though not identical.
Hence, (A) is correct.
9. Given below are two statements:
Statement I:
A second list of words, formulae or equations may impair the retention of a first list.
Statement II:
The old learning retained in our memory works forward to disrupt the memory of what we acquire or learn afterwards.
Options:
(A) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
(B) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.
(C) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
(D) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
Explanation:
Statement I describes Retroactive Interference, where new learning interferes with old learning.
Statement II describes Proactive Interference, where old learning interferes with new learning.
Both statements are scientifically correct.
Therefore, the correct answer is (C).
10. Arrange the process of memorization in sequence.
(a) Recognition
(b) Learning
(c) Recall
(d) Retention
Options:
(A) (d), (b), (c), (a)
(B) (c), (a), (b), (d)
(C) (b), (d), (a), (c)
(D) (a), (b), (d), (c)
✅ Correct Answer: (C) (b), (d), (a), (c)
Explanation:
The usual sequence of memory processes is:
Learning (Encoding) → Acquisition of information.
Retention (Storage) → Preserving information over time.
Recognition → Identifying previously learned material.
Recall → Reproducing information from memory.
Hence, the correct order is:
Learning → Retention → Recognition → Recall
➡️ (b) → (d) → (a) → (c)
11. Arrange the "supertraits" with their narrow traits for the Big Five factors of personality (OCEAN).
(a) Sociable or retiring
(b) Careful or careless
(c) Trusting or suspicious
(d) Secure or insecure
(e) Interested in variety or routine
Options:
(A) (e), (d), (c), (b), (a)
(B) (e), (b), (a), (c), (d)
(C) (c), (a), (e), (d), (b)
(D) (b), (d), (a), (c), (e)
✅ Correct Answer: (B) (e), (b), (a), (c), (d)
Explanation:
The Big Five personality factors (OCEAN) are:
| Factor | Narrow Trait |
|---|---|
| O – Openness | Interested in variety or routine (e) |
| C – Conscientiousness | Careful or careless (b) |
| E – Extraversion | Sociable or retiring (a) |
| A – Agreeableness | Trusting or suspicious (c) |
| N – Neuroticism | Secure or insecure (d) |
Thus, the sequence is:
(e), (b), (a), (c), (d)
12. Which among the following is necessary for the accuracy of any process of measurement in personality?
(a) Nature of the personality to be measured
(b) Instruments to be used
(c) Person who will undergo measurement
(d) Person who will do the measurement
Options:
(A) (a), (b) and (c) only
(B) (a), (b) and (d) only
(C) (b), (c) and (d) only
(D) (a), (c) and (d) only
✅ Correct Answer: (B) (a), (b) and (d) only
Explanation:
For accurate personality measurement, the following are essential:
✔️ The trait or personality aspect being measured.
✔️ Appropriate and valid measuring instruments.
✔️ A competent examiner/administrator.
The individual being measured is not considered a factor affecting measurement accuracy in this context.
Hence, (B) is correct.
13. Name the process through which the gradual reduction in the strength of a response due to repetitive stimulation happens.
(A) Recovery
(B) Generalizability
(C) Habituation
(D) Heritability
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Habituation
Explanation:
Habituation refers to the gradual decrease in response to a repeatedly presented stimulus.
Example: A person living near a railway track gradually stops noticing the sound of passing trains.
14. The handling of problems by a teacher while teaching refers to
(A) Critical management
(B) Classroom climate determination
(C) Classroom management
(D) Classroom administration
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Classroom Management
Explanation:
Classroom management refers to the techniques and strategies used by teachers to maintain discipline, solve classroom problems, and create an effective learning environment.
Statement I:
During the early months, infants have only a limited capacity to regulate their emotional states.
Statement II:
Rapid developments of the frontal lobes increase the baby's tolerance.
Options:
(A) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
(B) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
(C) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
(D) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
Explanation:
✔️ In the early months of life, infants have limited self-regulation abilities and depend largely on caregivers to regulate emotions.
✔️ As the frontal lobes of the brain develop rapidly during infancy, the child gradually acquires greater emotional control and tolerance.
Therefore, both statements are correct.
16. Arrange the developmental sequence of cognitive play categories.
(a) Make-believe play
(b) Constructive play
(c) Games with rules
(d) Functional play
Options:
(A) (c), (d), (a), (b)
(B) (d), (b), (a), (c)
(C) (b), (c), (a), (d)
(D) (a), (d), (b), (c)
✅ Correct Answer: (B) (d), (b), (a), (c)
Explanation:
According to developmental psychologists, children's play develops in the following sequence:
- Functional Play – Simple repetitive movements (infancy).
- Constructive Play – Creating or building things.
- Make-believe Play – Pretend or symbolic play.
- Games with Rules – Structured games governed by rules.
Functional → Constructive → Make-believe → Games with Rules
➡️ (d) → (b) → (a) → (c)
17. Which of the following is not the definition of depth perception?
(a) The ability to perceive the world in three dimensions.
(b) The tendency to complete figures that are incomplete.
(c) The tendency to perceive objects or figures as existing on a background.
(d) The tendency to perceive two things that happen close together in time as being related.
Options:
(A) (a), (c) and (d) only
(B) (a), (b) and (c) only
(C) (b), (c) and (d) only
(D) (a), (b) and (d) only
✅ Correct Answer: (C) (b), (c) and (d) only
Explanation:
✔️ (a) correctly describes depth perception as the ability to perceive the world in three dimensions.
The remaining statements refer to other perceptual principles:
- (b) → Principle of closure (Gestalt psychology).
- (c) → Figure-ground perception.
- (d) → Principle of contiguity/association.
18. Statement I:
Kohlberg viewed moral development as a gradual process extending through six stages, organised into three levels.
Statement II:
The three levels of moral development according to Kohlberg are: pre-operational level, post-operational level and conventional level.
Options:
(A) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
(B) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
(C) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
(D) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
Explanation:
✔️ Statement I is correct. Kohlberg proposed six stages of moral development grouped into three levels.
❌ Statement II is incorrect. The three levels are:
- Pre-conventional Level
- Conventional Level
- Post-conventional Level
19. Arrange the following in their order to arrive at a systematic approach to learning and memorization.
(a) Question
(b) Recite and recall
(c) Read
(d) Review
(e) Reflect
(f) Survey
Options:
(A) (f), (a), (c), (e), (b), (d)
(B) (c), (a), (b), (e), (d), (f)
(C) (f), (e), (b), (a), (c), (d)
(D) (d), (c), (e), (f), (a), (b)
✅ Correct Answer: (A) (f), (a), (c), (e), (b), (d)
Explanation:
This sequence follows the SQ4R method of study:
- Survey (S) → (f)
- Question (Q) → (a)
- Read (R) → (c)
- Reflect (R) → (e)
- Recite/Recall (R) → (b)
- Review (R) → (d)
Survey → Question → Read → Reflect → Recite → Review
20. Match the authors of theories of child development with their theories.
✅ Correct Matching:
(a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
✅ Correct Answer: (D)
Explanation:
- Jean Piaget → Cognitive Development Theory.
- Erik Erikson → Psychosocial Stages.
- Lev Vygotsky → Sociocultural Theory.
- Urie Bronfenbrenner → Ecological Systems Theory.
21. Match List-I with List-II
✅ Correct Matching:
(a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
✅ Correct Answer: (C)
Explanation:
- Classical Conditioning → Ivan Pavlov
- Connectionism → Edward Thorndike
- Operant Conditioning → B. F. Skinner
- Experiential Learning (Humanistic Learning) → Carl Rogers
Author Theory (a) Jean Piaget (iv) Cognitive Development (b) Erik Erikson (iii) Psycho-social Stages (c) Lev Vygotsky (i) Socio-cultural Approach (d) Urie Bronfenbrenner (ii) Ecological Systems Theory
| Author | Theory |
|---|---|
| (a) Jean Piaget | (iv) Cognitive Development |
| (b) Erik Erikson | (iii) Psycho-social Stages |
| (c) Lev Vygotsky | (i) Socio-cultural Approach |
| (d) Urie Bronfenbrenner | (ii) Ecological Systems Theory |
Theory Psychologist (a) Classical Conditioning (iii) Pavlov (b) Connectionism (iv) Thorndike (c) Operant Conditioning (i) Skinner (d) Experiential Learning (ii) Carl Rogers
| Theory | Psychologist |
|---|---|
| (a) Classical Conditioning | (iii) Pavlov |
| (b) Connectionism | (iv) Thorndike |
| (c) Operant Conditioning | (i) Skinner |
| (d) Experiential Learning | (ii) Carl Rogers |
22. Which among the following activities does Gross Motor Development facilitate?
(a) Crawling
(b) Reaching
(c) Standing
(d) Walking
Options:
(A) (b), (c) and (d) only
(B) (a), (c) and (d) only
(C) (a), (b) and (c) only
(D) (a), (b) and (d) only
✅ Correct Answer: (B) (a), (c) and (d) only
Explanation:
Gross motor skills involve the use of large muscles of the body.
✔️ Crawling → Gross motor skill
✔️ Standing → Gross motor skill
✔️ Walking → Gross motor skill
❌ Reaching → Primarily a fine motor skill
Hence, the correct answer is (B).
23. Arrange the steps of information processes identified by Sternberg.
(a) Inferring
(b) Application
(c) Encoding
(d) Mapping
Options:
(A) (a), (b), (c), (d)
(B) (c), (a), (d), (b)
(C) (b), (d), (a), (c)
(D) (a), (c), (b), (d)
✅ Correct Answer: (B) (c), (a), (d), (b)
Explanation:
According to Sternberg's Information Processing Theory, the sequence is:
- Encoding – Identifying relevant information.
- Inferring – Discovering relationships.
- Mapping – Applying the inferred relationships to new situations.
- Application – Using the solution.
Thus:
Encoding → Inferring → Mapping → Application
➡️ (c) → (a) → (d) → (b)
24. Identify the structure in the brain stem that maintains alertness and consciousness and myelinates from early childhood into adolescence.
(A) Cerebellum
(B) Reticular Formation
(C) Hippocampus
(D) Corpus Callosum
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Reticular Formation
Explanation:
The Reticular Formation is a network of neurons located in the brain stem that:
✔️ Maintains alertness and consciousness
✔️ Regulates attention and arousal
✔️ Continues to develop and myelinate from early childhood through adolescence
Hence, the correct answer is Reticular Formation.
25. Assertion (A):
The authoritative parenting style is considered the most successful approach in child rearing.
Reason (R):
The authoritative child-rearing style involves high acceptance and involvement, adaptive control techniques, and appropriate autonomy granting.
Options:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
(D) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct.
✅ Correct Answer: (A)
Explanation:
✔️ Authoritative parenting combines warmth, responsiveness, reasonable control, and encouragement of independence.
✔️ Research shows that children raised by authoritative parents tend to be more competent, self-reliant, and socially responsible.
Therefore, Reason (R) correctly explains Assertion (A).
26. Match the Identity Statuses with their descriptions.
| Identity Status | Description |
|---|---|
| (a) Identity Achievement | (i) Commitment following exploration |
| (b) Moratorium | (ii) Exploration without commitment |
| (c) Identity Foreclosure | (iv) Commitment without exploration |
| (d) Identity Diffusion | (iii) Neither exploration nor commitment |
✅ Correct Matching:
(a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)
✅ Correct Answer: (C)
Explanation:
According to James Marcia:
- Identity Achievement → Exploration + Commitment
- Moratorium → Exploration without commitment
- Identity Foreclosure → Commitment without exploration
- Identity Diffusion → Neither exploration nor commitment
27. Arrange the following theories of intelligence in chronological order.
(a) Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory
(b) Guilford's Structure of Intellect Theory
(c) Spearman's Two-Factor Theory
(d) Thurstone's Multifactor Theory
Options:
(A) (c), (d), (b), (a)
(B) (a), (c), (b), (d)
(C) (b), (a), (d), (c)
(D) (d), (c), (b), (a)
✅ Correct Answer: (A) (c), (d), (b), (a)
Explanation:
Chronological sequence:
- Spearman's Two-Factor Theory (1904)
- Thurstone's Multifactor Theory (1938)
- Guilford's Structure of Intellect Theory (1956)
- Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory (1983)
Therefore:
(c) → (d) → (b) → (a)
28. Arrange the development of peer sociability during the preschool years.
(a) Parallel Play
(b) Cooperative Play
(c) Non-social Activity
(d) Associative Play
Options:
(A) (d), (b), (a), (c)
(B) (b), (a), (c), (d)
(C) (c), (a), (d), (b)
(D) (a), (d), (b), (c)
✅ Correct Answer: (C) (c), (a), (d), (b)
Explanation:
According to Parten's stages of social play:
- Non-social Activity
- Parallel Play
- Associative Play
- Cooperative Play
Hence:
(c) → (a) → (d) → (b)
29. Arrange Maslow's hierarchy of needs in sequence.
(a) Belonging and Love Needs
(b) Esteem Needs
(c) Physiological Needs
(d) Self-actualization
(e) Safety Needs
Options:
(A) (a), (c), (e), (b), (d)
(B) (a), (b), (c), (d), (e)
(C) (c), (e), (a), (b), (d)
(D) (c), (b), (e), (a), (d)
✅ Correct Answer: (C) (c), (e), (a), (b), (d)
Explanation:
Maslow arranged human needs in the following hierarchy:
- Physiological Needs
- Safety Needs
- Belongingness and Love Needs
- Esteem Needs
- Self-actualization
Therefore:
(c) → (e) → (a) → (b) → (d)
30. Label the term that Bronfenbrenner used to denote the temporal dimension of his model.
(A) Endosystem
(B) Ecosystem
(C) Chronosystem
(D) Circadian System
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Chronosystem
Explanation:
In Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory:
- Microsystem → Immediate environment
- Mesosystem → Interactions among microsystems
- Exosystem → Indirect influences
- Macrosystem → Cultural influences
- Chronosystem → The dimension of time, including life transitions and historical events
Hence, the correct answer is Chronosystem.
SOCIAL SCIENCE91. Caron founded the First French Factory in India at
(A) Chennai
(B) Bombay
(C) Surat
(D) Delhi
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Surat
Explanation:
The first French factory in India was established at Surat in 1668 by François Caron, the Director-General of the French East India Company.
📌 Important Fact: Later, the French established major settlements at Pondicherry, Chandernagore, Mahe, Karaikal, and Yanam.
92. Which one of the following force is not a part of the Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF)?
(A) Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)
(B) Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)
(C) Border Security Force (BSF)
(D) Secret Service Bureau (SSB)
✅ Correct Answer: (D) Secret Service Bureau (SSB)
Explanation:
The Central Armed Police Forces include:
✔️ CRPF
✔️ BSF
✔️ ITBP
✔️ CISF
✔️ SSB (Sashastra Seema Bal)
❌ Secret Service Bureau is not a CAPF. The correct name is Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB).
93. Taj Mahal was built with white marble which belongs to
(A) Igneous Rocks
(B) Sedimentary Rocks
(C) Metamorphic Rocks
(D) Coral Reefs
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Metamorphic Rocks
Explanation:
Marble is a metamorphic rock formed by the metamorphism of limestone under heat and pressure.
📌 The Taj Mahal was constructed using white marble from Makrana, Rajasthan.
94. _______ was initially seven islands.
(A) Lakshadweep Islands
(B) Andaman Islands
(C) Nicobar Islands
(D) Bombay
✅ Correct Answer: (D) Bombay
Explanation:
Present-day Mumbai (Bombay) originally consisted of seven islands:
- Colaba
- Little Colaba
- Bombay Island
- Mazagaon
- Parel
- Worli
- Mahim
These islands were later merged through land reclamation projects.
95. Who was called the "Prince of Pilgrims"?
(A) Marco Polo
(B) Charaka
(C) Fahien
(D) Hiuen Tsang
✅ Correct Answer: (D) Hiuen Tsang
Explanation:
The Chinese Buddhist traveller Hiuen Tsang (Xuanzang) is known as the "Prince of Pilgrims."
He visited India during the reign of Harshavardhana and stayed for about 17 years.
96. The French Government recalled Dupleix to Paris after the Battle of
(A) Battle of Wandiwash
(B) Battle of Adayar
(C) Battle of Arcot
(D) Battle of Ambur
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Battle of Arcot
Explanation:
Following setbacks in the Carnatic Wars, especially after the Battle of Arcot (1751) and subsequent failures, Joseph François Dupleix was recalled to France in 1754.
📌 The Battle of Wandiwash (1760) finally ended French political ambitions in India.
97. Which continent is called the "Mother Continent"?
(A) Africa
(B) Australia
(C) Asia
(D) Europe
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Africa
Explanation:
Africa is often called the "Mother Continent" because:
✔️ It is believed to be the birthplace of humankind.
✔️ The earliest human fossils have been discovered in Africa.
98. Match the following
| List I | List II |
|---|---|
| (a) Velliangiri Hills | (iii) Kailash of the South |
| (b) Green Hills | (iv) Nature's Heaven |
| (c) Kotagiri | (i) High Range |
| (d) Anamalai Hills | (ii) Top Slip |
✅ Correct Matching:
(a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
✅ Correct Answer: (D)
Explanation:
- Velliangiri Hills → "Kailash of the South"
- Green Hills (Pachamalai) → "Nature's Heaven"
- Kotagiri → High Range
- Anamalai Hills → Top Slip
99. Consider the statements given below
Statement I:
Bharamahal Plateau is a part of the Madurai Plateau situated in the north-western part of Tamil Nadu.
Statement II:
Coimbatore Plateau lies between the Nilgiris and Dharmapuri districts.
Options:
(A) Both statements are wrong
(B) Both statements are right
(C) Statement I is wrong and Statement II is right
(D) Statement I is right and Statement II is wrong
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Both statements are wrong
Explanation:
❌ Statement I is wrong. Bharamahal Plateau is situated in north-western Tamil Nadu, but it is not a part of the Madurai Plateau.
❌ Statement II is wrong. The Coimbatore Plateau lies between the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats, not specifically between Nilgiris and Dharmapuri districts.
100. The deepest point of the Arctic Ocean is
(A) Challenger Deep
(B) Litke Deep
(C) Puerto Rico Deep
(D) Romanche Deep
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Litke Deep
Explanation:
The Litke Deep is the deepest known point in the Arctic Ocean, located in the Eurasian Basin.
- Challenger Deep → Deepest point of the Pacific Ocean.
- Puerto Rico Deep → Deepest point of the Atlantic Ocean.
- Romanche Deep → Located in the Atlantic Ocean.
101. In which language did the term "Sovereignty" originate?
(A) Greek
(B) Latin
(C) English
(D) Persian
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Latin
Explanation:
The term "Sovereignty" is derived from the Latin word "Superanus", meaning supreme or above all.
102. The first issue (1917) of Calendar of Madras Records was released by
(A) Ananda Rangam
(B) Edward VII
(C) Dodwell
(D) Ziegenbalg
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Dodwell
Explanation:
The Calendar of Madras Records (1917) was first published by Henry Dodwell.
103. Who took effort to educate widows first in India?
(A) Raja Rammohan Roy
(B) Pandita Ramabai
(C) Periyar E.V.R.
(D) Gokhale
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Pandita Ramabai
Explanation:
Pandita Ramabai was one of the earliest social reformers to work extensively for widow education and rehabilitation in India.
104. Suruli Waterfalls is located in ______ district.
(A) Tiruppur
(B) Theni
(C) The Nilgiris
(D) Tirunelveli
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Theni
Explanation:
Suruli Falls is situated near Cumbum in Theni district, Tamil Nadu.
105. ________ was the earliest champion in South India of women's emancipation.
(A) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
(B) Kandukuri Veeresalingam
(C) B.M. Malabari
(D) Periyar E.V.R.
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Kandukuri Veeresalingam
Explanation:
Kandukuri Veeresalingam is regarded as the pioneer of social reform and women's emancipation in South India, particularly advocating widow remarriage and women's education.
106. In the British period, White Town and Black Town were collectively called
(A) Madras
(B) Calcutta
(C) Bombay
(D) Surat
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Madras
Explanation:
During British rule, White Town (European settlement) and Black Town (Indian settlement) together formed the city of Madras (present-day Chennai).
107. Who moved the capital from Cochin to Goa in 1530?
(A) Albuquerque
(B) Almeida
(C) Vasco da Gama
(D) Nino de Cunha
✅ Correct Answer: (D) Nino de Cunha
Explanation:
Nuno da Cunha shifted the Portuguese capital from Cochin to Goa in 1530.
108. Odd one out about Active Volcanoes
(A) St. Helens in USA
(B) Pinatubo in Philippines
(C) Mauna Loa in Hawaii
(D) Mt. Fujiyama in Japan
✅ Correct Answer: (D) Mt. Fujiyama in Japan
Explanation:
- Mount St. Helens → Active volcano.
- Mount Pinatubo → Active volcano.
- Mauna Loa → Active volcano.
- Mount Fuji (Fujiyama) is classified as a dormant volcano (though geologically still potentially active).
Hence, it is treated as the odd one out in many competitive exams.
109. Which fort was the East India Company's principal settlement until 1774?
(A) Fort William
(B) Fort St. George
(C) Fort St. David
(D) None of the above
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Fort St. George
Explanation:
Fort St. George served as the chief settlement of the English East India Company in India until 1774, when Calcutta became the capital.
110. Tropical dry grasslands are known as
(A) Savanna
(B) Steppe
(C) Pampas
(D) Prairie
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Savanna
Explanation:
- Savanna → Tropical grasslands.
- Steppe → Temperate grasslands of Eurasia.
- Prairie → Temperate grasslands of North America.
- Pampas → Temperate grasslands of Argentina.
111. Which Schedule of the Constitution mentions the number of members to be elected from each State to the Rajya Sabha?
(A) Fourth Schedule
(B) First Schedule
(C) Third Schedule
(D) Fifth Schedule
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Fourth Schedule
Explanation:
The Fourth Schedule of the Constitution deals with the allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha among States and Union Territories.
112. Who was the first woman doctor in India?
(A) Dr. Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar
(B) M.G. Ranade
(C) B.M. Malabari
(D) Moovalur Ramamirdham
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Dr. Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar
Explanation:
Muthulakshmi Reddy was the first woman legislator in British India and among the earliest women medical practitioners in India. (In many state exams, she is accepted as the answer.)
📌 Nationally, Kadambini Ganguly is widely recognized as one of India's first women graduates in medicine.
113. India's first National Park is
(A) Hailey National Park
(B) Bandipur National Park
(C) Nagarhole National Park
(D) Mukurthi National Park
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Hailey National Park
Explanation:
India's first national park was established in 1936 as Hailey National Park, now known as Jim Corbett National Park.
114. Statement (I):
Oldest sedimentary rocks of the world are estimated as 3.9 billion years old.
Statement (II):
Oldest sedimentary rocks of the world have been identified in Greenland.
Options:
(A) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct
(B) Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect
(C) Statement (II) is correct but Statement (I) is incorrect
(D) Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct
Explanation:
✔️ Some of the oldest known sedimentary rocks on Earth are estimated to be around 3.8–3.9 billion years old.
✔️ These ancient rocks have been identified in Greenland, particularly in the Isua Greenstone Belt.
115. Which Articles of the Constitution of India guarantee Equality to all citizens?
(A) Articles 10–14
(B) Articles 14–18
(C) Articles 18–20
(D) Articles 20–24
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Articles 14–18
Explanation:
The Right to Equality is enshrined in Articles 14 to 18 of the Indian Constitution.
- Article 14 – Equality before law
- Article 15 – Prohibition of discrimination
- Article 16 – Equality of opportunity in public employment
- Article 17 – Abolition of untouchability
- Article 18 – Abolition of titles
116. A narrow stretch of water joining two large water bodies is called
(A) Isthmus
(B) Bay
(C) Strait
(D) Littoral
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Strait
Explanation:
A Strait is a narrow water passage connecting two larger water bodies.
Examples:
- Bering Strait
- Palk Strait
❌ Isthmus = Narrow strip of land connecting two larger land masses.
117. Who first used the term 'State' in his writings?
(A) Machiavelli
(B) Rousseau
(C) Voltaire
(D) Diderot
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Machiavelli
Explanation:
Niccolò Machiavelli was the first political thinker to systematically use the term "State" in his famous work The Prince.
118. Assertion (A):
Socio-Economic Development is the process of social and economic development in a society.
Reason (R):
Economic development is measured through indicators like GDP, life expectancy, literacy, and employment level.
Options:
(A) (A) is false, (R) is correct
(B) Both (A) and (R) are false
(C) (A) is true and (R) is false
(D) Both (A) and (R) are true
✅ Correct Answer: (D) Both (A) and (R) are true
Explanation:
✔️ Socio-economic development refers to improvements in both social and economic conditions.
✔️ Indicators such as GDP, literacy rate, life expectancy, and employment level are commonly used to measure development.
Hence, both statements are correct.
119. Statement (I):
Articles 124 to 147 of the Constitution lay down the organisation, jurisdiction and composition of the Supreme Court.
Statement (II):
The Supreme Court of India has been established under Part V, Chapter IV of the Constitution.
(A) Both Statements (I) and (II) are correct
(B) Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect
(C) Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct
(D) Both Statements are incorrect
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Both Statements are correct
Explanation:
✔️ Articles 124–147 deal with the Supreme Court of India.
✔️ The Supreme Court is established under Part V, Chapter IV of the Constitution.
120. In 1948, ______ Commission was appointed to present a report on University Education.
(A) Dr. Radhakrishnan
(B) Kothari
(C) Macaulay
(D) Wood's
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Dr. Radhakrishnan
Explanation:
The University Education Commission (1948–49) was headed by Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan.
121. Madras was officially renamed as Chennai on
(A) July 17, 1996
(B) January 1, 1998
(C) June 27, 1976
(D) August 15, 1995
✅ Correct Answer: (A) July 17, 1996
Explanation:
The Government of Tamil Nadu officially renamed Madras as Chennai on 17 July 1996.
122. Who was the first Indian to explain the process of surgery?
(A) Sushruta
(B) Charaka
(C) Patanjali
(D) Dhanvantari
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Sushruta
Explanation:
Sushruta is regarded as the "Father of Surgery" and authored the Sushruta Samhita, one of the earliest texts on surgery.
123. The ratio of change in consumption to change in income is called
(A) Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS)
(B) Average Propensity to Save (APS)
(C) Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC)
(D) Average Propensity to Consume (APC)
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC)
Explanation:
Where:
- ΔC = Change in Consumption
- ΔY = Change in Income
Hence, the correct answer is MPC.
124. The International Date Line is drawn through the Bering Strait between Alaska and Russia in the ______ Ocean.
(A) Atlantic Ocean
(B) Arctic Ocean
(C) Pacific Ocean
(D) Antarctic Ocean
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Pacific Ocean
Explanation:
The International Date Line (IDL) passes through the Bering Strait, which lies in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean between Alaska and Russia.
125. Match the following
| List I | List II |
|---|---|
| (a) Afro-Asian Conference | (ii) Indonesia |
| (b) Non-Alignment | (i) V. Krishna Menon |
| (c) Lop Nor | (iv) China |
| (d) Look East Policy | (iii) 1992 |
✅ Correct Matching:
(a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)
✅ Correct Answer: (D)
Explanation:
- Afro-Asian Conference → Indonesia (Bandung Conference, 1955)
- Non-Alignment → V. Krishna Menon played a major role
- Lop Nor → Nuclear test site in China
- Look East Policy → Initiated in 1992
126. Tasmania is known as the ______ Island.
(A) Orange
(B) Apricots
(C) Grapes
(D) Apple
✅ Correct Answer: (D) Apple
Explanation:
Tasmania is popularly known as the "Apple Island" because of its extensive apple orchards.
127. Who was the last ruler of the Sangama Dynasty?
(A) Ramraya
(B) Devaraya II
(C) Devaraya III
(D) Virupaksha Raya II
✅ Correct Answer: (D) Virupaksha Raya II
Explanation:
Virupaksha Raya II was the last ruler of the Sangama Dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire. After him, the Saluva Dynasty came to power.
128. Which Amendment Act reduced the voting age of Indian citizens from 21 years to 18 years?
Options:
(A) 61st Amendment Act
(B) 42nd Amendment Act
(C) 91st Amendment Act
(D) 73rd Amendment Act
✅ Correct Answer: (A) 61st Amendment Act
Explanation: The 61st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1988 reduced the voting age from 21 years to 18 years.
129. Who wrote the book "The Master's Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master's House"?
(A) Audre Lorde
(B) Vandana Shiva
(C) Gayatri Spivak
(D) Ethel Crowley
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Audre Lorde
Explanation: The famous essay "The Master's Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master's House" was written by feminist writer and activist Audre Lorde.
130. Who is called the "Father of National Archives of India"?
(A) St. Louis
(B) St. David
(C) George William Forrest
(D) Dodwell
✅ Correct Answer: (C) George William Forrest
Explanation: George William Forrest is regarded as the Father of the National Archives of India.
131. Who composed the long epic poem "Prithviraj Raso"?
(A) Minhaj-us-Siraj
(B) Hasan Nizami
(C) Gangadevi
(D) Chand Bardai
✅ Correct Answer: (D) Chand Bardai
Explanation: Prithviraj Raso is a famous epic poem composed by Chand Bardai, the court poet of Prithviraj Chauhan.
132. Who created the Danish East India Company?
(A) Christian IV
(B) Gothenburg
(C) Sir Thomas Roe
(D) Nicholas
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Christian IV
Explanation: The Danish East India Company was established in 1616 by King Christian IV of Denmark.
133. Which river is nicknamed "The Big Muddy"?
(A) Mississippi
(B) Colorado
(C) Yukon
(D) St. Lawrence
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Mississippi
Explanation: The Mississippi River is popularly known as "The Big Muddy" because of its large sediment load.
134. Match the following:
| List-I | List-II |
|---|---|
| (a) Agro-based industries | (iii) Food processing |
| (b) Forest-based industries | (i) Paper mill |
| (c) Mineral-based industries | (iv) Cement industries |
| (d) Marine-based industries | (ii) Sea food processing |
✅ Correct Answer: (C) (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)
Explanation:
- Agro-based → Food processing
- Forest-based → Paper mill
- Mineral-based → Cement industry
- Marine-based → Sea food processing
135. Which country/region is known as the "Third Pole"?
(A) Tibet
(B) China
(C) Canada
(D) Morocco
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Tibet
Explanation: The Tibetan Plateau is known as the "Third Pole" because it contains the world's largest reserve of ice outside the Arctic and Antarctic.
136. Who said that the Pandyan Kingdom was "the richest and the most splendid province in the world"?
(A) Fahien
(B) Marco Polo
(C) Hiuen Tsang
(D) Itsing
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Marco Polo
Explanation: The Venetian traveller Marco Polo praised the Pandyan Kingdom as one of the richest regions in the world.
137. Mt. Cotopaxi Volcano is located in which mountain range?
(A) The Andes
(B) The Everest
(C) The Rockies
(D) The Alps
✅ Correct Answer: (A) The Andes
Explanation: Cotopaxi, one of the world's highest active volcanoes, is situated in Ecuador in the Andes Mountains.
138. Which one of the following statements is correct?
(A) Black soils are formed by weathering of igneous rocks.
(B) Red soils are formed by weathering of igneous rocks.
(C) Laterite soils are formed by weathering of igneous rocks.
(D) Alluvial soils are formed by weathering of igneous rocks.
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Black soils are formed by weathering of igneous rocks.
Explanation: Black cotton soil (Regur soil) develops mainly from the weathering of basaltic igneous rocks of the Deccan Plateau.
139. Which of the following is not an indicator of socio-economic development?
(A) Life expectancy
(B) Literacy
(C) Level of Interest
(D) Level of employment
✅ Correct Answer: (C) Level of Interest
Explanation: Common indicators of socio-economic development include life expectancy, literacy rate, per capita income, and employment level. Interest rate is not a standard socio-economic indicator.
140. Land granted to Jain institutions by the Chola rulers was called:
(A) Pallichchandam
(B) Vellanvagai
(C) Ulukudi
(D) Kanikadan
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Pallichchandam
Explanation: Pallichchandam refers to lands donated to Jain and Buddhist institutions during the Chola period.
141. _______ is the largest glacier in the world.
(A) Lambert Glacier
(B) Vinson Massif
(C) McMurdo
(D) Dakshin Gangotri
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Lambert Glacier
Explanation: The Lambert Glacier in Antarctica is the world's largest glacier.
142. In North America, tropical rain forests are found in:
(A) Central America
(B) Florida
(C) California
(D) North Canada
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Central America
Explanation: Tropical rain forests in the North American continent are mainly found in Central America.
143. Mayani Bird Sanctuary is located in which Indian state?
(A) Rajasthan
(B) Maharashtra
(C) Andhra Pradesh
(D) Gujarat
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Maharashtra
Explanation: Mayani Bird Sanctuary is situated in Satara district, Maharashtra.
144. Which satellite is larger than Mercury in our Solar System?
(A) Phobos
(B) Ganymede
(C) Titan
(D) Moon
✅ Correct Answer: (B) Ganymede
Explanation: Ganymede, a moon of Jupiter, is the largest satellite in the Solar System and is larger than the planet Mercury.
145. Identify the Correct Pair
Which of the following is correctly matched?
A) Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary – Andhra Pradesh
B) Kaziranga National Park – Rajasthan
C) Periyar National Park – Tamil Nadu
D) Kanha National Park – Madhya Pradesh
✅ Correct Answer: (D) Kanha National Park – Madhya Pradesh
Explanation:
- Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary → Karnataka
- Kaziranga National Park → Assam
- Periyar National Park → Kerala
- Kanha National Park → Madhya Pradesh
146. Who created the Police System in India?
A) Lord Wellesley
B) Lord Warren Hastings
C) Robert Clive
D) Lord Cornwallis
✅ Correct Answer: (D) Lord Cornwallis
Explanation: Lord Cornwallis introduced major police reforms and organized the modern police system in British India.
147. Read the following statements and choose the correct answer.
Statement (1): Exchange of goods for goods was known as the Barter System.
Statement (2): Barter system can be termed as the first form of trade.
A) Statement (1) and Statement (2) are correct.
B) Statement (1) and Statement (2) are incorrect.
C) Statement (1) is correct but Statement (2) is incorrect.
D) Statement (1) is incorrect but Statement (2) is correct.
✅ Correct Answer: (A) Statement (1) and Statement (2) are correct.
Explanation: Barter system refers to the exchange of goods for goods and was indeed the earliest form of trade.
148. Suez Canal connects the Mediterranean Sea to
A) Dead Sea
B) Caspian Sea
C) Arabian Sea
D) Red Sea
✅ Correct Answer: (D) Red Sea
Explanation: The Suez Canal connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea.
149. Who declared the practice of Sati as a punishable offence in 1829?
A) Raja Rammohan Roy
B) Lord Lytton
C) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
D) Lord William Bentinck
✅ Correct Answer: (D) Lord William Bentinck
Explanation: Lord William Bentinck abolished Sati through Regulation XVII of 1829.
150. Match the Following
| List I | List II |
|---|---|
| (a) First Anglo-Maratha War | (i) 1817–1818 |
| (b) First Anglo-Mysore War | (ii) 1775–1782 |
| (c) Second Anglo-Maratha War | (iii) 1767–1769 |
| (d) Third Anglo-Maratha War | (iv) 1803–1805 |
Options:
A) (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)
B) (a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(iii), (d)-(i)
C) (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)
D) (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
✅ Correct Answer: (D) (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
Correct Matching:
- First Anglo-Maratha War → 1775–1782 → (ii)
- First Anglo-Mysore War → 1767–1769 → (iii)
- Second Anglo-Maratha War → 1803–1805 → (iv)
- Third Anglo-Maratha War → 1817–1818 → (i)
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