CTET PAPER 2 SOCIAL STUDIES / SOCIAL SCIENCE 8th February,2026 details Explanation
SOCIAL STUDIES / SOCIAL SCIENCE
8th February,2026 details Explanation
Direction: Answer the following questions by selecting the correct/most appropriate options.
31. The cultural unity and diversity of the present time could be applied to which of the following historical facts related to Hampi?
(a) Hampi temples were the hub of cultural activities.
(b) Devadasis (temple dancers) performed before the deity, royalty, but NOT before the masses.
(c) The Mahanavami festival, known today as Navaratri in the south, was one of the most important festivals celebrated at Hampi.
(1) (a) and (b)
(2) (b) and (c)
(3) (a) and (c)
(4) (a) only
Answer: (3) (a) and (c)
Explanation: Historically, Hampi's temples were central to cultural, social, and economic life, hosting vibrant public and royal activities. Statement (b) is incorrect because temple performances and grand festivals like Mahanavami were massive, community-wide public celebrations, deeply reflecting collective cultural unity rather than being strictly restricted from the masses. Thus, statements (a) and (c) best capture the intersection of shared cultural tradition and community unity.
32. Consider the following Assertion and Reasons to choose the appropriate option:
Assertion: There was a huge demand for Indigo in the European Market in 17th and 18th Centuries.
Reason 1: By the 17th Century, European cloth producers persuaded their governments to relax the ban on indigo import.
Reason 2: By the end of the 12th Century Britain began to industrialise.
(1) Assertion and Reason 1 are correct.
(2) Assertion and Reason 2 are correct.
(3) Assertion and both the Reasons are correct.
(4) Assertion is wrong, Reasons on their own are right.
Answer: (1) Assertion and Reason 1 are correct.
Explanation: The soaring demand for deep blue indigo dye led European cloth manufacturers to successfully lobby their respective governments to lift competitive restrictions against imports. Reason 2 is factually incorrect because Britain's Industrial Revolution began much later, during the mid-to-late 18th century, not by the end of the 12th century.
33. Water scarcity is caused by the following given factors:
(a) Water Harvesting
(b) Variation in Rainfall
(c) Contamination of water
(d) Over exploitation
Choices:
(1) (b), (c), (d)
(2) (a), (b), (d)
(3) (a), (b), (c)
(4) (a), (c), (d)
Answer: (1) (b), (c), (d)
Explanation: Irregular rainfall patterns, pollution/contamination, and uncontrolled over-extraction directly cause or aggravate freshwater scarcity. Conversely, water harvesting is a sustainable conservation practice aimed at replenishing and securing water supplies, not depleting them.
34. Tamil Epic Manimekalai was composed by:
(1) Ilango
(2) Sattanar
(3) Kalidas
(4) Madhavi
Answer: (2) Sattanar
Explanation: Manimekalai, one of the Five Great Epics of Tamil literature, was composed by Chithalai Chathanar (Sattanar). It acts as a Buddhist sequel to the epic Silappatikaram, which was written by Ilango Adigal.
35. What will be the time at 90° East when it is 12.00 noon at Greenwich Meridian?
(1) 7 PM
(2) 6 AM
(3) 6 PM
(4) 9 PM
Answer: (3) 6 PM
Explanation: The Earth rotates 360° in 24 hours, which calculation shows equals 15° per hour (360 / 24). For a location situated at 90° East of the Greenwich Meridian (0°) the time difference is:
Since longitude increases toward the East, the time is ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Therefore, 12:00 noon + 6 hours = 6:00 PM.
36. Match the following pairs:
CropClimate
(a) Coffee. (i) high temperature, heavy rainfall
(b) Jute. (ii) cool climate
(c) Tea. (iii) moderate temperature and rainfall
(d) Wheat. (iv) warm and wet climate
Choices:
(1) (a)-(i), (b)-(iv), (c)-(iii), (d)-(ii)
(2) (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
(3) (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)
(4) (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)
Answer: (4) (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iii)
Explanation: The correct agricultural pairs match crop growth requirements with their typical global climates:
Coffee grows best in a warm and wet climate with well-drained soils (iv).
Jute (the "golden fiber") requires high temperatures and heavy rainfall during its growth cycle (i).
Tea thrives best in a relatively cool climate distributed evenly with high rainfall throughout the year (ii).
Wheat requires moderate temperature and rainfall during its growing season, followed by bright sunshine during harvest (iii).
37. 'The farmer in USA works like a businessman'. Justify the statement. Choose the correct reasons :
(a) Use of Tractors, harvesters
(b) Farm size is small
(c) Automated Grain storage
(d) Use of chemical fertilizers
Choices :
(1) (a), (b), (c)
(2) (b), (c), (d)
(3) (a), (b), (d)
(4) (a), (c), (d)
Answer: (4) (a), (c), (d)
Explanation: Commercial farming in the USA functions like a large-scale corporate business, relying heavily on capital, extensive mechanization (tractors and harvesters), modern scientific inputs (chemical fertilizers), and high-tech infrastructure (automated grain storage). Statement (b) is incorrect because farm sizes in the USA are typically very large, not small.
38. 'Rampurva Bull', a finely polished stone sculpture of Mauryan period has been found from :
(1) Madhya Pradesh
(2) Uttar Pradesh
(3) Bihar
(4) Jharkhand
Answer: (3) Bihar
Explanation: The Rampurva Bull capital is a famous Mauryan-era polished sandstone sculpture discovered at Rampurva in the Champaran district of Bihar. It is renowned for its fine craftsmanship and is currently housed in the Rashtrapati Bhavan.
39. Which one of the following is NOT a permanent wind ? Choose the correct answer :
(1) Trade Winds
(2) Monsoons
(3) Westerlies
(4) Easterlies
Answer: (2) Monsoons
Explanation: Permanent winds (planetary winds) blow constantly throughout the year in a particular direction, which includes Trade winds, Westerlies, and Easterlies. Monsoons are periodic or seasonal winds that reverse their direction entirely with the change of seasons.
40. Analyze the following historical claims with reference to the relation between Tribes, Nomads and settled communities. Choose the appropriate option.
(a) Varna based society did not interact with the tribal people at all. The rigidity was due to caste system.
(b) There were tribes that rejected both the caste system and orthodox Hinduism.
(c) Some tribes established extensive states with well organised systems of administration.
(d) Political power brought them in conflict with larger Kingdoms.
(1) (a), (b) and (c) are valid.
(2) (b), (c) and (d) are valid.
(3) (c), (d) and (a) are valid.
(4) (d), (a) and (b) are valid.
Answer: (2) (b), (c) and (d) are valid.
Explanation: Statement (a) is false because caste-based societies and tribal societies frequently interacted, traded, and influenced each other over centuries. Many tribes consciously rejected orthodox Brahmanical hierarchies (b), some (like the Gonds and Ahoms) built powerful, highly organized states (c), and their growing political dominance naturally led to military friction with contemporary empires (d).
41. In reference to Panchayati Raj, which of the following sequence is in correct hierarchical order ?
(1) Panchayat Samiti - Gram Panchayat - Gram Sabha - Zila Parishad
(2) Gram Sabha - Panchayat Samiti - Gram Panchayat - Zila Parishad
(3) Gram Panchayat - Panchayat Samiti - Gram Sabha - Zila Parishad
(4) Gram Sabha - Gram Panchayat - Panchayat Samiti - Zila Parishad
Answer: (4) Gram Sabha - Gram Panchayat - Panchayat Samiti - Zila Parishad
Explanation: In the Indian local self-government framework, the hierarchy builds upwards from the grassroots: the Gram Sabha (all village voters) forms the foundation; the Gram Panchayat operates at the village executive level; the Panchayat Samiti acts as the intermediary block level; and the Zila Parishad manages governance at the apex district level.
42. Celestial bodies in our solar system having their own heat and light are :
(1) Planets
(2) Satellites
(3) Meteoroids
(4) Stars
Answer: (4) Stars
Explanation: Stars are celestial bodies made of hot gases that generate their own immense heat and light through nuclear fusion. Planets, satellites, and meteoroids do not produce their own light; they only reflect the light received from stars (like our Sun).
43. “The progress of any nation is dependent upon the unity of different social and political groups. Political parties should be mindful of this unity during the competitive electoral politics.” Which of the following major development/s within the national movement attest the above mentioned assertion ?
(a) During the Rowlatt Satyagraha, the participants tried to ensure that Hindus and Muslims were united in the fight against British rule.
(b) From the late 1930s, the League began viewing the Muslims as a separate “nation” from the Hindus.
(c) The Congress’s rejection of the League’s desire to form a joint Congress - League government in the United Provinces in 1937.
(1) (a) and (b)
(2) (b) and (c)
(3) (c) and (a)
(4) (c) only
Answer: (3) (c) and (a) (Note: Official answer keys for this specific pedagogical question pattern typically focus on (4) (c) only or emphasize the contrasting events, but analyzed strictly under historical context of political party mindfulness regarding competitive electoral friction and the specific prompt framing, (4) (c) only or (3) are highly debated. Let's look closer: Statement (a) represents positive unity, while statement (c) shows the exact consequences when political parties are NOT mindful of unity during competitive electoral politics, validating the assertion via negative result. Since statement (b) describes the outcome of the friction rather than a party being mindful of national unity, option (4) or (3) is standard). Let's provide the most rigorous academic interpretation matching standard evaluation: (4) (c) only captures the structural breakdown of "competitive electoral politics" referenced in the text.
44. Which means of communication has the most important role in making world a large global society ?
(1) Mass Media
(2) Messages through Pigeons
(3) Satellite communication
(4) Postal services
Answer: (3) Satellite communication
Explanation: While mass media spreads information to the public, Satellite communication acts as the core core backbone infrastructure that enables real-time global connectivity, internet access, and data transmission across the planet, turning the world into a true global society.
45. The Satnami movement in Central India was founded by :
(1) Haridas Thakur
(2) Shri Narayan Guru
(3) Ghasidas
(4) Jyotirao Phule
Answer: (3) Ghasidas
Explanation: The Satnami movement in Central India (specifically present-day Chhattisgarh) was founded by Guru Ghasidas in the early 19th century to improve the social status of lower-caste communities by advocating social equality and monotheism.
46. Biotic and Abiotic conditions existing on the earth form : (Choose the appropriate category) :
(1) Natural Environment
(2) Environment Management
(3) Human Made Environment
(4) Human Environment
Answer: (1) Natural Environment
Explanation: The natural environment comprises both living organisms (biotic factors like plants and animals) and non-living elements (abiotic factors like land, air, and water) interacting naturally on Earth.
47. Which of the following is not an example of discrimination ?
(1) Preventing a group of people from taking water from a common well
(2) Not allowing a group of people to drink tea in same cups as others
(3) Stopping someone from living in certain neighbourhood
(4) Asking a boy not to cry as boys don't cry
Answer: (4) Asking a boy not to cry as boys don't cry
Explanation: Options (1), (2), and (3) are direct examples of social discrimination based on caste or identity restriction. Option (4) is an example of reinforcing a gender stereotype, which is distinct from structural discrimination or social exclusion.
48. Assertion : 'The process of India becoming a nation was a long drawn one. Emergence of political consciousness and the resulting political associations take time. India did not one day wake up to independence in 1947'. Choose the appropriate evidence as reason.
(a) The consciousness of British control over the resources of India began to be clearly stated by political association formed after 1850.
(b) The political associations worked with the idea that the people should be sovereign.
(c) Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, Madras Mahajan Sabha functioned in specific parts of the country and catered to the specific region, community and class.
(d) The Ilbert Bill controversy deepened the desire for an all India organisation of educated Indians.
(1) (a) and (b) only
(2) (c) and (d) only
(3) (a), (b) and (c) only
(4) (a), (b) and (d) only
Answer: (4) (a), (b) and (d) only
Explanation: The assertion describes the gradual evolution of Indian nationalism. Statements (a), (b), and (d) serve as strong supporting evidence for this national consciousness because they highlight overarching democratic ideals (sovereignty), systemic critiques of colonial resource exploitation, and events that sparked a unified pan-Indian political desire. Conversely, statement (c) highlights localized, regional, and class-specific limitations rather than the expansive growth of national integration.
49. Sufficient Rainfall on the earth surface is very important for following reasons :
(a) Survival of plants and animals.
(b) Brings fresh water to the Earth's surface.
(c) It brings droughts.
(d) Most of the ground water comes from rainfall.
Choices :
(1) (a), (b), (d) are correct.
(2) (a), (b), (c) are correct.
(3) (b), (c), (d) are correct.
(4) (a), (c), (d) are correct.
Answer: (1) (a), (b), (d) are correct.
Explanation: Rainfall is the primary mechanism of the hydrological cycle that delivers fresh water, recharges essential groundwater aquifers, and sustains terrestrial ecosystems. Droughts (c) are caused by the prolonged absence or acute deficit of rainfall, not its sufficiency.
(1) Bodhgaya
(2) Ladakh
(3) Arunachal Pradesh
(4) Dharmshala
Answer: (2) Ladakh
Explanation: Ladakh is widely referred to as "Little Tibet" due to its geographical proximity, similar high-altitude desert topography, and strong cultural, linguistic, and religious ties to Tibetan Buddhism.
51. In the following, how many have been matched incorrectly ?
(a) Kol rebellion - 1831-32
(b) Santhal revolt - 1855
(c) Bastar rebellion - 1920
(d) Warli revolt - 1939
(1) Only one of the above
(2) Only two of the above
(3) Only three of the above
(4) None of the above
Answer: (2) Only two of the above
Explanation: Let's look at the correct historical timelines for each:
Kol rebellion (1831-32): Correctly matched.
Santhal revolt (1855): Correctly matched.
Bastar rebellion (1910): Incorrectly matched as 1920 (the Bhumkal rebellion in Bastar happened in 1910).
Warli revolt (1945): Incorrectly matched as 1939 (the organized Warli tribal movement began in Maharashtra in 1945).
Since two statements ((c) and (d)) are incorrect, the correct option is (2).
52. Why is the globe considered as true model of the Earth ? Choose the most appropriate statement :
(1) It is fixed.
(2) Countries, continents and oceans are shown in correct size.
(3) It is spherical in shape.
(4) It is ball like.
Answer: (2) Countries, continents and oceans are shown in correct size.
Explanation: While a globe is spherical and ball-like, its defining scientific value as a "true miniature model" over a flat map is that it avoids distortion. It allows the shapes, relative sizes, and spatial distances of countries, continents, and oceans to be accurately scaled and represented proportionally.
53. In the context of Masulipatnam, which had contacts with distant lands for trade, choose the appropriate options :
(a) In the 17th Century, both the Dutch and English East India Companies attempted to control Masulipatnam as it became the most important port on the Andhra Coast.
(b) Dutch were people from distant lands of Denmark and Spain.
(c) The competition between trading groups such as the Golconda nobler, Persian merchants, Telugu Komati Chettis and European traders made the city prosperous.
(d) Mir Jumla, the Mughal governor began to play off the Dutch and the English against each other.
(1) (a), (b) only
(2) (c), (d) only
(3) (a), (b), (c) only
(4) (c), (d), (a) only
Answer: (4) (c), (d), (a) only
Explanation: Statement (b) is factually incorrect because the Dutch were from the Netherlands, not Denmark (Danish) or Spain (Spanish). Statements (a), (c), and (d) are accurate accounts of the intense 17th century commercial rivalry and political maneuvers that characterized Masulipatnam's prosperous era.
54. In which year did James Mill publish his three volumes book titled “A History of British India” ?
(1) 1815
(2) 1816
(3) 1817
(4) 1818
Answer: (3) 1817
Explanation: James Mill, a Scottish economist and political philosopher, published his monumental, three-volume work A History of British India in 1817. In this book, he divided Indian history into three distinct periods: Hindu, Muslim, and British.
55. (A) : Lithosphere is the solid crust or the hard top layer of the earth.
(R) : It is made up of rocks and minerals and covered by a thin layer of soil.
Choose the correct option of the following :
(1) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) explains (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) does not explain (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Answer: (1) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) explains (A).
Explanation: The assertion accurately defines the physical nature of the lithosphere. The reason directly explains why it forms that hard, solid top layer of our planet—because its physical composition consists of dense rock material and structural minerals structurally blanketed by a loose veneer of soil.
56. Consider the following statements of Bengal temple - building and choose the appropriate option :
(a) Temples were built to demonstrate piety.
(b) Temples were built to demonstrate power.
(c) Temples began to copy the double-roofed structure of the thatched huts.
(d) Temples began to copy the four-roofed structure of the thatched huts.
(1) Only (a), (b) and (c) are appropriate.
(2) Only (b), (c) and (d) are appropriate.
(3) Only (c), (d) and (a) are appropriate.
(4) All (a), (b), (c) and (d) are appropriate.
Answer: (4) All (a), (b), (c) and (d) are appropriate.
Explanation: Religious architecture in Bengal experienced a major boom from the late 15th century. Powerful individuals and groups built temples to proclaim their social status, wealth, and piety ((a) and (b)). Structurally, these brick temples integrated local vernacular styles, copying the traditional double-roofed (do-chala) and four-roofed (chau-chala) designs found in simple thatched village huts ((c) and (d)).
57. How much longitudinal extent does one Time Zone of Earth of one Hour each cover ?
(1) 45
(2) 30
(3) 15
(4) 60
Answer: (3) 15
58. A river makes waterfalls while flowing in the mountains. Select the two main reasons for the waterfalls :
(a) River moves in between trees.
(b) River flows over very hard rocks.
(c) River moves over soft rocks.
(d) River flows down a steep valley.
Choices :
(1) (a) and (c) are correct.
(2) (b) and (d) are correct.
(3) (a) and (d) are correct.
(4) (b) and (c) are correct.
Answer: (2) (b) and (d) are correct.
(Note: Geomorphologically, waterfalls form due to differential erosion where a river flows over resistant hard rock layered over softer rock, or plunges down a steep, abrupt structural cliff face. Looking at the exact choice pairings provided in this question, (2) (b) and (d) captures the essential hydraulic action of water plunging over highly resilient hard strata down a steep valley).
59. The first cotton mill in India was set up as a spinning mill in Bombay in the year :
(1) 1852
(2) 1853
(3) 1854
(4) 1855
Answer: (3) 1854
Explanation: The first modern cotton textile mill in India, the Bombay Spinning and Weaving Company, was established at Tardeo in Bombay by Cowasjee Nanabhoy Davar in 1854.
60. Dispel the misconceptions to arrive at appropriate conclusions with regard to changes in the colonial agrarian policies.
(a) As Diwan, the Company became the chief administrator of the territory under its control.
(b) After 1765 Company had to think of administering the land and organising its revenue resources.
(c) Before 1765, the Company purchased goods in India by importing huge quantities of grain from Britain.
(d) After 1765, the revenue collected in Bengal could finance the purchase of goods for export.
(1) (a), (b) only
(2) (b), (c) only
(3) (a), (d) only
(4) (b), (d) only
Answer: (3) (a), (d) only (Note: Under alternate evaluations looking at structural misconceptions, option 3 or statements (a), (b), (d) are correct facts. Let's analyze carefully: Statement (c) is a major misconception because before 1765, the Company imported gold and silver bullion from Britain to buy Indian goods, not grain. Dispelling this misconception validates that after assuming the Diwani in 1765 ((a) and (b)), local revenues completely financed British exports (d), making (3) or the facts excluding (c) the target analytical answer).
61. Which of the following are institutional sources of debts in rural India ?
(a) Moneylenders
(b) Cooperatives
(c) Government Banks
(d) Landlords
Options :
(1) Only (a) and (c)
(2) Only (b) and (c)
(3) Only (a) and (d)
(4) Only (a), (b) and (d)
Answer: (2) Only (b) and (c)
Explanation: Credit sources are divided into formal (institutional) and informal sectors. Cooperatives and Government Commercial Banks are formal, regulated institutions. Moneylenders and landlords belong to non-institutional, unregulated informal credit markets.
62. Which of the following are examples of intervention in religion by state as laid out in the Indian Constitution ?
(a) Abolition of untouchability
(b) Prohibition of child labour
(c) Ban on child marriage
(d) Laying out Vishakha guidelines
Options :
(1) Only (a) and (b)
(2) Only (b) and (c)
(3) Only (a) and (c)
(4) Only (b) and (d)
Answer: (3) Only (a) and (c)
Explanation: Under the Indian model of secularism, the state can intervene in religious practices to implement social reform or safeguard human rights. The abolition of untouchability (Article 17) directly intervened to dismantle a structural hierarchy within Hindu social traditions. Similarly, a ban on child marriage overrides traditional religious personal laws to protect minors. On the other hand, child labour laws (b) and the Vishakha guidelines (d) are universal labor and gender rights frameworks that are not contextualized as interventions into religious practices.
67. Consider the following in-text question "Fill in the blank" given in the chapter on urban administration:
In a Municipal Corporation, the elected members are called _____________.
Which of the following abilities/skills is being tested here?
(1) Summarizing
(2) Classification
(3) Explanation
(4) Remembering
Answer: (4) Remembering
Explanation: This straightforward fill-in-the-blank question targets low-level factual recall. It directly assesses a student’s capacity to retrieve and remember a specific administrative term ("Councillors") from memory without needing deeper synthesis, classification, or conceptual analysis.
68. 'Boys are into sports whereas girls are into arts and crafts'. What does this statement reflect?
(1) Tradition
(2) Prejudices
(3) Stereotypes
(4) Difference
Answer: (3) Stereotypes
Explanation: Standardizing rigid roles, traits, or preferences across an entire gender group based on fixed generalized assumptions creates generalized stereotypes. It sets up binary expectations of what boys or girls "should" like rather than accounting for individual variance.
69. An important element in the Social Science classroom is the acknowledgement of India's diversity. Which of the following traits should you develop as a Social Science teacher and also consciously inculcate in students so that this diversity is truly appreciated?
(a) Reciting slogans about unity.
(b) Being sensitive and respectful while talking about cultures which are different from one's own.
(c) Constantly reflecting on one's prejudices which might arise from one's social location in society.
Choose the most appropriate option:
(1) Only (a)
(2) Only (a) and (b)
(3) Only (a) and (c)
(4) Only (b) and (c)
Answer: (4) Only (b) and (c)
Explanation: Superficial symbolic activities like chanting slogans (a) rarely prompt active critical reflection. True appreciation of diversity is achieved by actively developing intercultural sensitivity (b) alongside a conscious, ongoing critique of our own biases running across diverse socioeconomic background lines (c).
70. Which of the following purpose Indian Constitution does not serve to?
(1) Delineate the ideals a country should uphold
(2) Keep itself static so that the structures in the society remain unchanged
(3) Coordination among different communities to live together
(4) Give rights to the citizens against individuals and communities
Answer: (2) Keep itself static so that the structures in the society remain unchanged
Explanation: A constitution is a living, dynamic instrument built to grow and change alongside society via legal amendments. It aims to eliminate oppressive structures, not maintain a frozen, permanent status quo.
71. Below are two statements, read them carefully and choose the correct answer with the help of given options:
Statement I : Assessment is made continuously in educational settings.
Statement II : Assessment is a process that involves doing a number of things at different times.
(1) Both the Statement I and Statement II are true.
(2) Both the Statement I and Statement II are false.
(3) Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
(4) Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
Answer: (1) Both the Statement I and Statement II are true.
Explanation: Under contemporary comprehensive educational framework philosophies, assessment is regular and cumulative rather than a single terminal exam. It runs uninterruptedly across the term using multiple tools and formative approaches administered at different times.
72. Below are two statements, one of them is Assertion (A) and the other is Reason (R). Read them carefully and choose the correct answer with the help of given options.
Assertion (A) : Like other subjects, in Social Science also learners need to be actively engaged in order to construct their own knowledge.
Reason (R) : Active engagement refers to engagement of body and mind.
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Official Answer: (1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Explanation:
Assertion (A) is true: According to the constructivist paradigm (and the National Curriculum Framework), students do not just passively absorb facts; they actively construct their own understanding of social, historical, and geographical realities through experiences.
Reason (R) is true: Active engagement is holistic—it involves both the body (hands-on participation, role-plays, fieldwork) and the mind (critical thinking, reflection, analysis).
Connection: Because active learning requires this simultaneous cognitive and behavioral investment (body and mind), it provides the foundational mechanism through which knowledge construction becomes possible. Therefore, (R) perfectly explains (A).
73. Below are two statements. Read them carefully and choose the correct answer with the help of given options :
Statement I : Political Science suggests dynamism that engages with processes that produces structures of domination and their contestations by social forces.
Statement II : Political Science imagines civil society as the sphere where more informed, receptive and responsible citizens could be produced.
(1) Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
(2) Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
(3) Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
(4) Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
Official Answer: (1) Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
Explanation:
Statement I is true: Modern Political Science has shifted away from studying static state institutions alone. It is inherently dynamic, focusing on how power structures emerge (domination) and how grassroot movements or civic groups challenge them (contestation).
Statement II is true: In democratic theory, civil society (NGOs, community groups, public forums) is envisioned as a critical nursery for democracy. It serves as the primary sphere where individuals participate in social discourse to become well-informed, empathetic, and responsible civic actors.
74. If you want to introduce your students about the difference between the Buddha statues made in Mathura (Mathura style) and Takshashila (Gandhara style), the most appropriate method would be:
(1) Discussion based on the picture given in the textbook
(2) Taking a trip to the National Museum
(3) Showing a PowerPoint Presentation based on above mentioned styles
(4) Interview with an Architect
Answer: (3) Showing a PowerPoint Presentation based on above mentioned styles
Explanation: Side-by-side visual analysis is ideal for highlighting distinct regional artistic details—like Gandhara's Greco-Roman features versus Mathura’s indigenous styling. A tailored slide presentation allows the teacher to zoom in on specific stylistic variations in real-time, making it highly effective and accessible within regular classroom constraints.
75. Which of the following provisions does not promote social justice?
(1) Special schemes for girls in government schools
(2) Special police stations
(3) Equal pay for equal work
(4) Prohibition on human trafficking
Answer: (2) Special police stations
Explanation: Affirmative development schemes, equal pay mandates, and anti-trafficking laws are direct legal and economic measures designed to fix deep social inequalities and secure human rights. Establishing specific administrative police units acts as a specialized law enforcement choice rather than a foundational systemic policy for socio-economic justice.
76. Below are two statements, one of them is Assertion (A) and the other is Reason (R). Read them carefully and choose the correct answer with the help of given options.
Assertion (A) : In India, studying Social Science is associated more with girls than boys.
Reason (R) : This type of approach to Social Sciences is indicative of a 'patriarchal and gender biased' society.
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Answer: (1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Explanation: Society often uses gendered lenses to classify disciplines, pushing boys toward STEM fields for career security while viewing humanistic studies as a default path for girls. This divide is directly explained by underlying patriarchal assumptions regarding gender roles and vocational choices.
77. Below are two statements, one of them is Assertion (A) and the other is Reason (R). Read them carefully and choose the correct answer with the help of given options.
Assertion (A) : A test is a form of assessment.
Reason (R) : It answers the question, either in comparison with others or in comparison with a domain of performance task.
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Answer: (1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Explanation: An assessment is an overarching process, and a test serves as a structured tool within that framework. The reason correctly points out that a test acts as a formal gauge to measure performance, evaluating it either against peer benchmarks (norm-referenced) or a specific set of criteria (criterion-referenced).
78. While teaching your class about the government's responsibility of providing healthcare, you decide to conduct a debate between two groups of students on whether the healthcare system in the country is functioning properly or not. Which of the following is not a desirable goal of organizing a classroom debate?
(1) Enhancing student involvement and participation in class.
(2) Training students to make use of supporting evidence for their claims.
(3) Improving students' abilities to see an issue from different perspectives.
(4) Teaching students to become competitive and win at any cost.
Answer: (4) Teaching students to become competitive and win at any cost.
Explanation: Educational debates aim to build empathy, highlight multiple perspectives, and encourage evidence-based reasoning. Prioritizing a "win-at-all-costs" mindset undercuts collaboration and distracts from deep conceptual learning.
79. Which of the following methods may be used for improving the national standards of Social Science education to meet the challenges of global-competition?
(a) Identifying learning outcomes.
(b) Developing innovative and improved evaluation tools.
(c) Designing centralized, standardized and singular courses.
(d) Developing audio-visual and multimedia based interactive study material.
(1) (a), (b), (c)
(2) (b), (c), (d)
(3) (a), (c), (d)
(4) (a), (b), (d)
Answer: (4) (a), (b), (d)
Explanation: Setting clear learning benchmarks, refining evaluation methods, and integrating interactive multimedia materials help modernize education. In contrast, pushing for a rigid, singular standardized curriculum (c) ignores regional realities and compromises localized critical inquiry.
80.
Which of the following is/are correct in the context of testing?
(a) It is carried out on skills related to a particular subject.
(b) It is usually done by posing a set of questions in a uniform manner.
(c) It is an unsystematic procedure for measuring the students' understanding of a particular content or subject.
(1) Only (a)
(2) Only (c)
(3) Only (a) and (b)
(4) Only (b) and (c)
Answer: (3) Only (a) and (b)
Explanation: Tests are deliberately organized and structured tools designed to evaluate subject-specific skills in a uniform way. Calling them "unsystematic" (c) misrepresents how they are designed and used.
81.Below are two statements, read them carefully and choose the correct answer with the help of given options:
Statement I : Social (Studies) Science became part of the official curriculum in modern India only with the Basic Education programme of Gandhiji.
Statement II : The Secondary Education Commission provided the official recognition to the subject Social (Studies) Science at an all India level.
(1) Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
(2) Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
(3) Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
(4) Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
Answer: (4) Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
Explanation: Elements of history and geography were taught in Indian classrooms long before Mahatma Gandhi’s Wardha Scheme of Basic Education (1937), making Statement I factually incorrect due to the restrictive word "only". Statement II is historically accurate: the Secondary Education Commission (the Mudaliar Commission, 1952–53) formally institutionalized "Social Studies" as an integrated, unified subject area at the national level.
82. Democracy or equity should be taught:
(1) only by covering these as knowledge areas.
(2) only by make these as part of classroom process.
(3) by covering these as knowledge areas but not by make these as part of classroom process.
(4) by covering these as knowledge areas as well as part of classroom process.
Answer: (4) by covering these as knowledge areas as well as part of classroom process.
Explanation: Democratic values cannot be effectively taught through theory alone. To truly understand equity and democracy, students need to study them as academic concepts while experiencing them daily through inclusive, fair, and participatory classroom practices.
83. Which of the following statements on markets are true?
(a) In weekly markets, things are available in cheaper rates because the shop owners purchase directly from the producers.
(b) Phone and internet shopping have caused losses to the neighbourhood shops.
(c) The goods sold in permanent shops are often costly because the shop owners have to bear the expenditure of rent, electricity, government fees etc.
Options:
(1) Only (a) and (b)
(2) Only (b) and (c)
(3) Only (a) and (c)
(4) (a), (b) and (c)
Answer: (4) (a), (b) and (c)
Explanation: Weekly markets keep costs low by minimizing overhead and sourcing directly where possible (a). On the other end, permanent retailers must price goods to cover fixed operational costs like rent, utilities, and taxes (c). Meanwhile, the growth of e-commerce has shifted consumer habits, creating direct competition for traditional neighborhood brick-and-mortar storefronts (b).
84. Which of the following actions would not be helpful in addressing the marginalisation of certain community?
(1) Social movement
(2) Government policy
(3) Mainstreamization
(4) Protecting cultural diversity
Answer: (3) Mainstreamization
Explanation: While targeted government policies, grassroots social movements, and protecting cultural diversity actively support marginalized groups, aggressive "mainstreamization" often pressures unique communities to assimilate completely, leading to a loss of their distinct identity, culture, and structural voice.
85. Below are two statements, one of them is Assertion (A) and the other is Reason (R). Read them carefully and choose the correct answer with the help of given options.
Assertion (A) : Conventional Social Science teaching emphasizes learning about societies and times without reference to the child's actual lived experiences.
Reason (R) : Converting sets of 'Social Science facts' into processes of social inquiry has been a major strength of the texts (based on NCF - 2005).
(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Answer: (2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Explanation: The assertion accurately states that traditional pedagogical styles relied heavily on rote textbook memorization divorced from a child's local reality. The reason correctly outlines the shift introduced by NCF-2005 toward active critical inquiry. While both statements are factually correct educational observations, the transition to inquiry-driven texts (R) is a modern curricular response to fix conventional gaps, rather than the structural cause or explanation of old teaching habits (A).
86. Which of the following is true in context of representative democracy in India?
(1) People exercising franchise
(2) Direct participation of people
(3) Indirect participation of the representatives
(4) Dual citizenship
Answer: (1) People exercising franchise
Explanation: India operates as a representative indirect democracy where citizens do not directly vote on daily legislative actions (which rules out option 2). Instead, people exercise their franchise (voting rights) to elect representatives who govern on their behalf. India also features single citizenship rather than dual citizenship.
87. Which of the following will help in developing better teaching learning environment in Social Science classrooms?
(a) Development of reference libraries.
(b) Creation of flexible school timings.
(c) Accessibility to disseminative technologies only.
(d) Development of study material in regional languages.
(1) (a), (b), (c)
(2) (b), (c), (d)
(3) (a), (c), (d)
(4) (a), (b), (d)
Answer: (4) (a), (b), (d)
Explanation: Constructing resource-rich reference libraries, adopting practical, inclusive local school scheduling, and designing contextually accurate regional language textbooks systematically strengthen educational engagement. Statement (c) is rejected due to the restrictive word "only," which limits classroom pedagogy to passive, transmission-based media rather than active, diverse learning.
88. Below are two statements, read them carefully and choose the correct answer with the help of given options:
Statement I : It would be easy to promote equity and democracy through a classroom where teachers do not allow children to ask question.
Statement II : It would be difficult to promote equity and democracy through a classroom where varying opinions are encouraged to be voiced and debated.
(1) Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
(2) Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
(3) Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
(4) Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
Answer: (2) Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
Explanation: Both statements turn basic civic pedagogy upside down. In reality, silencing curiosity and banning questions makes it impossible to teach democratic values (making Statement I false). Conversely, open discussion, welcoming diverse student perspectives, and respectful structured debate form the very core of an equitable, democratic learning environment (making Statement II false).
89. It is important to share examples of 'plurality of people' in a community in the Social Science textbooks because:
(1) it ensures oversimplification of community.
(2) it ensures labelling of community.
(3) it facilitates in judging the community.
(4) it facilitates in generating portrayals of local community.
Answer: (4) it facilitates in generating portrayals of local community.
Explanation: Highlighting a diverse cross-section of people counters flat stereotypes, oversimplification, or social labeling. It helps present an authentic, multidimensional portrayal of local community life, encouraging students to appreciate the layered realities of the social world around them.
90. Which of the following feature of the Indian Constitution does not allow the legislature and the executive to interfere in the work of the judiciary?
(1) Right to freedom
(2) Right against exploitation
(3) Federalism
(4) Separation of powers
Answer: (4) Separation of powers
Explanation: The constitutional principle of the Separation of Powers divides state authority among three distinct branches: the Legislature, the Executive, and the Judiciary. This structural design ensures an independent judiciary, free from political or administrative interference by the other two branches.
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