Multiple Nuclei Model// ULLAMAN AND HARRIS//1945//IMPORTANT FOR UG//PG 

The third classical theory of internal structure of city is multiple nuclei model developed by Chauncy Harris and Edward L. Ullaman in 1954. The basic assumption of this theory is that "cities are not homocentric" but they rather have many minicentres which play a significant role in the developnent of a city. These minicentres originally developed independently with the specialised advantages that they offered or similar activities clusteriiig in these areas.

Multiple nuclei theory differs from the earlier theories, like sectors and cbncentric zone theories. It believes that city has not developed around a single centre or CBD but it has a group of many minicentres. However, the phases of development may be simultaneous or in different periods. 

The multiple  nuclei type is further divided into ten major areas-central business, wholesale or light manufacturing, low income residential, medium income - residential, high income residential, heavy industry, outlying business, residential suburb, industrial suburb, commuters area. While these various parts of city are fairly clear when analyses of the social organisation of the city is made. It has developed through a natural process rather than a planned process. 

Assumptions for Multiple Nuclei Model

•  Land is not flat 
•  Even distribution of resources 
•  Even distribution of people in Residential areas 
•  Even transportation cost 
• Profit maximization

Limitations and criticism of the Harris & Ullman’s Multiple Nuclei Model

 • Multiple nuclei model was considered much better than the previous simple models which attempted to explain the structure of urban areas. However this model also had its limitations and could not be applied to many cities and did not entirely explain the structure of urban areas. 

• Formation of well defined zones or “nuclei” required considerable size of the city as the small or new towns do not have a very well defined locations because of which they are usually scattered.

 • Another drawback is the limited activities which are considered in the model along with the very rigid and specific boundaries of the activities. 

• Some other drawbacks include:

• Negligence of height of buildings.

 • Non-existence of abrupt divisions between zones. 

• Each zone displays a significant degree of internal heterogeneity and not homogeneity. 

• Unawareness of inertia forces.

 • No consideration of influence of physical relief and government policy.

 • The concepts may not be totally applicable to oriental cities with different cultural, economic and political backgrounds

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