Geography Important Questions Series 7
BPSC TRE 3.0 PGT GEOGRAPHY QUESTION PAPER’S SOLUTIONS
71. What is the process by which soil particles are moved by wind or water?
(A) Erosion
(B) Abrasion
(C) Corrosion
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- A) Erosion
Explanation:-erosion is the process by which the Earth’s surface is worn down and materials are transported from one location to another by natural forces like wind, water, and ice. It’s a key part of the geological cycle that shapes landscapes over time. Erosion is distinct from weathering, which breaks down rocks and soil in place, but doesn’t involve their movement.
Abrasion:- abrasion refers to the process where a force, like wind, water, or ice, wears away a surface by rubbing or scraping against it.
Corrosion:- Corrasion is the mechanical wearing away of rock by moving materials, such as water, wind, or ice. Corrosion, on the other hand, is a chemical process where a material, like metal, degrades due to its reaction with the environment, often involving oxidation
72. What type of landform is formed by the deposition of sediment at the mouth of a river?
(A) Coast
(B) Delta
(C) Beach
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- Delta
A coast is the land area bordering an ocean or sea. It’s essentially the edge of the land where it meets the water. A beach, on the other hand, is a specific area of land, often sandy, along the coast, usually at the edge of the shore, and often affected by waves and tides.
73. Which biome is characterized by low temperatures, permafrost and limited vegetation?
(A) Tundra
(B) Desert
(C) Savana
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- Tundra
Explanation:-The tundra is a cold, treeless biome characterized by extremely low temperatures, short growing seasons, and permafrost (permanently frozen ground). It’s found in the Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and at high altitudes on mountains.
Key Characteristics of the Tundra:
Cold Climate:
The tundra is one of the coldest biomes, with mean temperatures below 0°C for 6 to 10 months of the year.
Short Growing Season:
Summers are short and cool, with the top layer of soil thawing only a few inches, which limits plant growth.
Permafrost:
A layer of permanently frozen soil (permafrost) is a defining characteristic of the tundra.
Low Precipitation:
While precipitation is relatively low, the tundra can still be a wet place due to slow evaporation caused by the cold temperatures.
Limited Vegetation:
Plant life is limited to low-growing plants like mosses, lichens, herbs, and small shrubs.
Low Biodiversity:
The harsh conditions lead to relatively low biodiversity in the tundra.
Two Main Types:
The tundra is divided into Arctic tundra (located north of the Arctic Circle) and alpine tundra (found at high elevations on mountains
74. What term describes the process by which ice breaks off from a glacier and falls into the sea?
(A) Calving
(B) Icebergs
(C) Moraine
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- Calving
Explanation:- Calving refers to the process where chunks of ice break off from a glacier, forming icebergs. This natural process is a part of the glacier’s life cycle, especially when the glacier flows into water. Calving is a major factor in the mass loss of glaciers and contributes to sea-level rise.
Calving occurs when the forward motion of a glacier makes the terminus (end) unstable, leading to fractures and the breaking off of ice chunks.
75. What term describes the long-term patterns of temperature, precipitation and other weather variables in a region?
(A) Climate
(B) Weather
(C) Meteorology
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- A) Climate
76. What is the primary greenhouse gas responsible for trapping heat in the earth's atmosphere?
(A) Nitrogen
(B) Ozone
(C) Carbon dioxide
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- C) Carbon dioxide
77. What is the name for the phenomenon characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific region?
(A) El-nino
(B) La-nina
(C) El-nino modoki
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- A) El_Nino
78. Which factor primarily influences the isostatic equilibrium of a region?
(A) Erosion and deposition
(B) Tectonic activity
(C) Earth's rotation
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- B) Earth’s rotation
79. What theory explains the movement of earth's lithosphere plates?
(A) Continental drift
(B) Seafloor spreading
(C) Plate tectonics
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- C) Plate Tectonics
80. Which feature is commonly associated with convergent plate boundaries?
(A) Rift valleys
(B) Mid ocean ridges
(C) Deep ocean trenches
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- C) Deep oceanic Trenches
81. Which agent of denudation primarily acts on
rocks through the mechanical breakdown of
material?
(A) Weathering
(B) Erosion
(C) Transportation
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- A) Weathering
82. What is believed to have triggered the collapse of the solar nebula according to nebular hypothesis?
(A) Supernova explosion
(B) Gravitational attraction
(C) Solar wind
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- B) Gravitational Attraction
83. Which of the following is not a primary classification of air masses based on their source regions?
(A) Maritime
(B) Continental
(C) Tropical
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- C) Tropical
84. Which factor primarily influences the temperature and humidity characteristics of an air mass?
(A) Wind speed
(B) Source region
(C) Atmospheric pressure
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- B) Source Region
85. Which of the following factors primarily determines a region's climate?
(A) Daily Weather patterns
(B) Annual precipitation
(C) Geographic location and latitude
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer: C) Geographic location and latitude
86. What is Koppen's climate classification system primarily based on?
(A) Temperature and precipitation
(B) Wind speed and direction
(C) Humidity levels
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- A) Temperature and Precipitation
87. Which climate type is characterized by hot temperature year-round with little to no precipitation?
(A) Tropical rain forest
(B) Desert
(C) Mediterranean
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- B) Desert
88. Which term describes a large flat area of the ocean floor found between the continental rise and the mid ocean ridge?
(A) Abyssal plain
(B) Mid ocean ridge
(C) Trench
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- A) Abyssal Plain
89. What drives the movement of ocean currents?
(A) Wind
(B) Earth's rotation
(C) Underwater earthquake
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- D) More than one of the above
Wind and Coriolis Affect due to Earth’s rotation Are responsible For movement of Ocean current
90. Which ocean current transports warm water from the Gulf of Mexico across the Atlantic Ocean to Western Europe, affecting its climate?
(A) Gulf stream
(B) California current
(C) Labrador current
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- A) Gulf stream
91. The line which joins equal salinity line is
known as:
(A) Isotherm
(B) Isohaline
(C) Isobar
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- B) Isohaline
92. Which soil type has particles that are larger than clay but smaller than sand?
(A) Silt
(B) Loam
(C) Gravel
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- A) Silt
93. How does climate change affect fisheries?
(A) It has no impact on fish population
(B) It increases the abundance of fish species
(C) It alters ocean temperatures and habitats
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- C) It alters ocean temperatures and habitats
94. What is the primary coal producing region in the United States?
(A) Appalachian region
(B) Powder river basin
(C) Illinois basin
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- D) More than one of the above
95. Which middle eastern country is largest producer of petroleum?
(A) Saudi Arabia
(B) Iran
(C) Iraq
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- A) Saudi Arabia
96. What is the significance of the Strait of Hormuz in relation to petroleum in the middle east?
(A) It is a major oil producing region
(B) It is crucial chokepoint for global petroleum exports
(C) It has no relevance to petroleum trade
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- B) It is crucial chokepoint for global petroleum exports
97. What are the environmental impacts associated with iron ore mining in Russia and Australia?
(A) Deforestation
(B) Soil erosion
(C) Water pollution
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- D) More than one of the above
98. In which state of the USA manganese mining is significant?
(A) California
(B) Texas
(C) Geogia
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- E) None of the above
99. Which of the following is/are sustainable farming practices?
(A) Monoculture farming
(B) Natural farming
(C) Organic farming
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:D) more than one of the above
Organic farming and Natural farming are included in sustainable farming practices.
100. How does agriculture contribute to greenhouse gas emissions?
(A) Through livestock production
(B) Through fertilizer use
(C) Through land-use change
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
D) More than one of the above
101. Which countries are among the top producers of iron and steel in the world?
(A) China, India and Japan
(B) Brazil, Russia and Germany
(C) USA, Canada and Australia
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- (A) China, India and Japan
102. What factors are responsible for location of cotton textile industry?
(A) Market
(B) Labour
(C) Availability of water
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- D) More than one of the above
103. Match the following correctly Petrochemical Country
industry
A Philadelphia 1. Belgium and Delaware
B Antwerp. 2. USA
C Ras Tanura 3. Canada
D Montreal. 4. Saudi Arabia
(A) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
(B) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
(C) A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
(D) A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
(E) None of the above
Answer:- (B) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
104. What are the main factors influencing trade routes and transportation networks?
(A) Geographical location and natural resources
(B) Political stability and government policies
(C) Technological advancements
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- D) More than one of the above
105. Which of the following continent accounts for highest length and density of roads in the world?
(A) Australia
(B) North America
(C) Asia
(D) Africa
(E) None of the above
Answer:- B) North America
106. Soo Canal and Wetland Canal have been constructed on which of the following waterways
(A) Volga waterways
(B) Rhine waterways
(C) Great lakes-St Lawrence waterways
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- C)Great lakes-St Lawrence waterways
107. The great wall of China stretches approximately how many kilometers?
(A) 5,000 km
(B) 10,000 km
(C) 1,50,000 km
(D) 7000 km
(E) None of the above
Answer:- E) None of the above
108. Which species is believed to be the direct ancestor of modern humans?
(A) Homo habilis
(B) Homo erectus
(C) Homo sapiens
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- B) Homo erectus
109. What is the official language of Brazil?
(A) Spanish
(B) Portuguese
(C) English
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- B) Portuguese
110. Which environmental issue is often associated with activities in mountain regions?
(A) Soil erosion
(B) Deforestation
(C) Air pollution
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- D) More than one of the above
Soil erosion deforestation and Air pollution are issues associated with activities in mountain regions.
111. Which of the following regions is not typically affected by the monsoon?
(A) South Asia
(B) Sub-Saharan Africa
(C) Australia
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:-B) Sub Saharan Africa
112. Which country experiences the highest annual rainfall due to the monsoon?
(A) India
(B) Bangladesh
(C) Thailand
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:+ A) India
113. What is the term for the dry, dusty wind that blows from the Sahara Desert across North Africa and into the Mediterranean during the summer?
(A) Haboob
(B) Harmattan
(C) Khamsin
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- C)Khamsin
114. What is the name of the mountain range in India that separates the Indo-Gangetic Plain from the Deccan Plateau?
(A) Arravali
(B) Vindhyas
(C) Western ghats
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- B) Vidhyas
115. Which famous North American grasslands is known for its tall grass species?
(A) Serengeti
(B) Pampas
(C) Prairie
(D) Savana
(E) None of the above
Answer:- C) Prairies
116. Which stage of demographic transition is characterized by high birth rates and declining death rates?
(A) Stage 1
(B) Stage 2
(C) Stage 3
(D) Stage 4
(E) None of the above
Answer:- B) Stage 2
117. What factors influence the distribution of population?
(A) Climate, resources and economics opportunities
(B) Education level and political stability
(C) Language and religion
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- D) More than one of the above
118. What is the strategy for sustainable urban development?
(A) Encouraging car-dependent lifestyles
(B) Promoting mixed land-use development
(C) Ignoring the importance of green spaces
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- (B) Promoting mixed land-use development
119. Sustainability is one of the four pillars of human development. Which of the following statements given below correctly defines sustainability?
(A) Equal access of opportunities for everyone
(B) Improvement in human choices
(C) Continuity in the availability of opportunities for present and future generations
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:-C) Continuity in the availability of opportunities for present and future generations
120. With reference to Gross National Happiness Index (GNH). Consider the following statements
(A) The concept GNH was started in Bhutan
(B) It takes into account the harmful effects of technology on the environment
(C) It focuses on non-material and development
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
D) More than one of the above
121. Match the following lists correctly and choose
the correct code
Nomadic tribes. Regions
A Bedouin 1. Kalahari
B Bushman 2. Sahara Desert
C Pygmies 3. Zaire Basin
(A) A-3, B-2, C-1
(B) A-2, B-1, C-3
(C) A-3, B-1, C-2
(D) A-2, B-3, C-1
(E) None of the above
Answer:- (B) A-2, B-1, C-3
122. How does climate change effect habitat suitability for species?
(A) Enhances habitat conditions for all species
(B) Reduces the need for species migration
(C) Alters temperature and precipitation patterns, affecting habitat availability
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
AnswerC) Alters temperature and precipitation patterns, affecting habitat availability
123. The Oraon tribe is primarily found in which Indian State?
(A) Kerala
(B) Odisha
(C) Jharkhand
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- C) Jharkhand
124. What hunting technique is commonly associated with the Bushman of Africa?
(A) Bow and arrow
(B) Trapping
(C) Poison darts
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:-A) Bow and Arrow
125. What is a challenge faced by many nomadic
tribes in the modern world?
(A) Loss of traditional knowledge and
practices
(B) Access to modern healthcare facilities
(C) Integration into urban societies
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- More than one of the above
126. The Growth Pole theory emphasizes the importance of
(A) Isolation of economic activities
(B) Spatially concentrated development Initiatives
(C) Neglecting urban centers
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer: B) Spatially concentrated development Initiatives
127. The Tarin Basin lies between, which of the
following mountain ranges?
(A) Kunlun and Allai
(B) Kunlun and Tien Shan
(C) Karakoram and Yablonovy
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- (B) Kunlun and Tien Shan
128. Arrange the following mountain ranges from
east to west in correct order using codes
1) Dhaulagiri
2) Makalu
3) Annapurna
4) Gaurishankar
(A) 1-2-3-4
(B) 2-1-4-3
(C) 2-4-3-1
(D) 2-1-3-4
(E) None of the above
Answer:- C© 2-4-3-1
129. Which famous river flows through Tokyo,
Japan's capital?
(A) Shinano
(B) Tone river
(C) Sumida river
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- C) Sumida river
130. What type of landform dominates Japan's landscape?
(A) Desert
(B) Mountainous terrain
(C) Grasslands
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- B mountainous terrain
131. Which sea separates Japan from the Korean
Peninsula?
(A) Sea of Okhotsk
(B) Sea of Japan
(C) East China Sea
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- East china sea
132. Who is known as the father of modern
geography and authored the seminal work
'Geographia'?
(A) Alexander Von Humboldt
(B) Ptolemy
(C) Eratosthenes
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- Deleted
133. What geographic concept emphasizes the interconnectedness of all parts of the world, both physically and culturally?
(A) Spatial analysis
(B) Determinism
(C) Globalization
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- C) Globalisation
134. Which of the following scholars is associated with the development of spatial analysis techniques during the quantitative revolution?
(A) Carl Sauer
(B) David Harvey
(C) William Bunge
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- D) Devid Harvery and William Bunge both are associated with the development of spatial analysis technique.
135. Dualism in geography can lead to
(A) A more holistic understanding of geographical phenomenon
(B) Increased specialization within the discipline
(C) Overemphasis on one aspect of geography at the expense of another
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- D) Dualism
enhances
understanding,
increases
specialization
and emphasizes
one aspect.
136. Which of the following is an example of a gendered space?
(A) A shopping mall
(B) A football stadium
(C) A construction site
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer D More than one of the above
137. Which of the following is NOT a level of ecological organization?
(A) Organism
(B) Population
(C) Molecule
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- C) molecules
138. Which of the following is NOT a major bio-energy cycle?
(A) Carbon cycle
(B) Nitrogen cycle
(C) Oxygen cycle
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- C) Oxygen
139. What is the primary source of nitrogen for living organism?
(A) Nitrogen gas in the atmosphere
(B) Nitrogen compounds in soil
(C) Nitrogen dissolved in water bodies
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- A) Nitrogen gas in the atmosphere
140. What is the primary advantage of using remote sensing in environmental monitoring?
(A) It provides real time data with high spatial resolution
(B) It is inexpensive and easily accessible
(C) It can only be conducted during daylight hours
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer: A It provides real time data with high spatial resolution
141. What is GIS?
(A) Graphical illustration system
(B) Geographic information system
(C) Global information system
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- B) Geographic Information System
142. What is net migration?
(A) The total number of people who leave
a country
(B) The total number of people who move
to a country
(C) The difference between the number of
immigrants and emigrants in a country
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- C The difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants in a country
143. The great Indian desert, also known as
Thar desert is located in which physiographic
region?
(A) Western coastal plains
(B) Indo-Gangetic plain
(C) Aravali range
(D) Deccan plateau
(E) None of the above
Answer:- C) Aravalli Range
144. Which mineral is the primary source of
aluminum production in India?
(A) Iron ore
(B) Bauxite
(C) Coal
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- B bauxite
145. Which agricultural practice is common in the states of Punjab and Haryana?
(A) Shifting cultivation
(B) Subsistence farming
(C) Commercial farming with extensive use
of irrigation and mechanism
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- (C) Commercial farming with extensive use of irrigation and mechanism
146. Which river forms the boundary Between bihar and Western Uttar Pradesh?
(A) Son
(B) Punpun
(C) Mahananda
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- E None of the above
147. Which district in Bihar has the highest
population density?
(A) Patna
(B) Muzzafarpur
(C) Begusarai
(D) Darbhanga
(E) None of the above
Answer:- E None of the above
148. Which type of map projection preserves the shape of continents accurately but distorts their size?
(A) Mercator projection
(B) Robinson projection
(C) Conical projection with two standards
parallel
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer:- A Mercator Projection
149. In a normal distribution approximately what
percentage of the data falls within one
standard deviation of the mean?
(A) 34 percent
(B) 50 percent
(C) 68 percent
(D) 70 percent
(E) None of the above
Answer:- C) 68%
150. What is the primary advantage of using GPS
in surveying?
(A) It provides highly accurate
measurements of distance and angles
(B) It allow surveyors to work in remote
areas with limited access
(C) It provides detailed aerial images of
the earth's surface
(D) More than one of the above
(E) None of the above
Answer D more than one of the above
GPS provides accurate measurement and allows the surveyor to work in remote areas.
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