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Geography Important Questions Series 7

 Geography Important Questions Series 7
BPSC TRE 3.0 PGT GEOGRAPHY QUESTION PAPER’S SOLUTIONS 




71. What is the process by which soil particles are moved by wind or water?

(A) Erosion

(B) Abrasion

(C) Corrosion

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- A) Erosion 

Explanation:-erosion is the process by which the Earth’s surface is worn down and materials are transported from one location to another by natural forces like wind, water, and ice. It’s a key part of the geological cycle that shapes landscapes over time. Erosion is distinct from weathering, which breaks down rocks and soil in place, but doesn’t involve their movement. 

Abrasion:- abrasion refers to the process where a force, like wind, water, or ice, wears away a surface by rubbing or scraping against it. 


Corrosion:- Corrasion is the mechanical wearing away of rock by moving materials, such as water, wind, or ice. Corrosion, on the other hand, is a chemical process where a material, like metal, degrades due to its reaction with the environment, often involving oxidation


72. What type of landform is formed by the deposition of sediment at the mouth of a river?

(A) Coast

(B) Delta

(C) Beach

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- Delta

A coast is the land area bordering an ocean or sea. It’s essentially the edge of the land where it meets the water. A beach, on the other hand, is a specific area of land, often sandy, along the coast, usually at the edge of the shore, and often affected by waves and tides. 

73. Which biome is characterized by low temperatures, permafrost and limited vegetation?

(A) Tundra

(B) Desert

(C) Savana

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- Tundra


Explanation:-The tundra is a cold, treeless biome characterized by extremely low temperatures, short growing seasons, and permafrost (permanently frozen ground). It’s found in the Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and at high altitudes on mountains. 

Key Characteristics of the Tundra:

Cold Climate:

The tundra is one of the coldest biomes, with mean temperatures below 0°C for 6 to 10 months of the year. 

Short Growing Season:

Summers are short and cool, with the top layer of soil thawing only a few inches, which limits plant growth. 

Permafrost:

A layer of permanently frozen soil (permafrost) is a defining characteristic of the tundra. 

Low Precipitation:

While precipitation is relatively low, the tundra can still be a wet place due to slow evaporation caused by the cold temperatures. 

Limited Vegetation:

Plant life is limited to low-growing plants like mosses, lichens, herbs, and small shrubs. 

Low Biodiversity:

The harsh conditions lead to relatively low biodiversity in the tundra. 

Two Main Types:

The tundra is divided into Arctic tundra (located north of the Arctic Circle) and alpine tundra (found at high elevations on mountains


74. What term describes the process by which ice breaks off from a glacier and falls into the sea?

(A) Calving

(B) Icebergs

(C) Moraine

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- Calving 

Explanation:- Calving refers to the process where chunks of ice break off from a glacier, forming icebergs. This natural process is a part of the glacier’s life cycle, especially when the glacier flows into water. Calving is a major factor in the mass loss of glaciers and contributes to sea-level rise. 

Calving occurs when the forward motion of a glacier makes the terminus (end) unstable, leading to fractures and the breaking off of ice chunks. 

75. What term describes the long-term patterns of temperature, precipitation and other weather variables in a region?

(A) Climate

(B) Weather

(C) Meteorology

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- A) Climate 

76. What is the primary greenhouse gas responsible for trapping heat in the earth's atmosphere?

(A) Nitrogen

(B) Ozone

(C) Carbon dioxide

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- C) Carbon dioxide 


77. What is the name for the phenomenon characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific region?

(A) El-nino

(B) La-nina

(C) El-nino modoki

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- A) El_Nino


78. Which factor primarily influences the isostatic equilibrium of a region?

(A) Erosion and deposition

(B) Tectonic activity

(C) Earth's rotation

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- B) Earth’s rotation 


79. What theory explains the movement of earth's lithosphere plates?

(A) Continental drift

(B) Seafloor spreading

(C) Plate tectonics

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- C) Plate Tectonics 


80. Which feature is commonly associated with convergent plate boundaries?

(A) Rift valleys

(B) Mid ocean ridges

(C) Deep ocean trenches

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- C) Deep oceanic Trenches 


81. Which agent of denudation primarily acts on

rocks through the mechanical breakdown of

material?

(A) Weathering

(B) Erosion

(C) Transportation

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- A) Weathering 


82. What is believed to have triggered the collapse of the solar nebula according to nebular hypothesis?

(A) Supernova explosion

(B) Gravitational attraction

(C) Solar wind

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- B) Gravitational Attraction


83. Which of the following is not a primary classification of air masses based on their source regions?

(A) Maritime

(B) Continental

(C) Tropical

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- C) Tropical 

84. Which factor primarily influences the temperature and humidity characteristics of an air mass?

(A) Wind speed

(B) Source region

(C) Atmospheric pressure

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above


Answer:- B) Source Region 


85. Which of the following factors primarily determines a region's climate?

(A) Daily Weather patterns

(B) Annual precipitation

(C) Geographic location and latitude

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer: C) Geographic location and latitude 


86. What is Koppen's climate classification system primarily based on?

(A) Temperature and precipitation

(B) Wind speed and direction

(C) Humidity levels

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- A) Temperature and Precipitation 

87. Which climate type is characterized by hot temperature year-round with little to no precipitation?

(A) Tropical rain forest

(B) Desert

(C) Mediterranean

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- B) Desert 


88. Which term describes a large flat area of the ocean floor found between the continental rise and the mid ocean ridge?

(A) Abyssal plain

(B) Mid ocean ridge

(C) Trench

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- A) Abyssal Plain

89. What drives the movement of ocean currents?

(A) Wind

(B) Earth's rotation

(C) Underwater earthquake

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above


Answer:- D) More than one of the above 

Wind and Coriolis Affect due to Earth’s rotation Are responsible For movement of Ocean current

90. Which ocean current transports warm water from the Gulf of Mexico across the Atlantic Ocean to Western Europe, affecting its climate?

(A) Gulf stream

(B) California current

(C) Labrador current

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- A) Gulf stream 

91. The line which joins equal salinity line is

known as:

(A) Isotherm

(B) Isohaline

(C) Isobar

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- B) Isohaline 

92. Which soil type has particles that are larger than clay but smaller than sand?

(A) Silt

(B) Loam

(C) Gravel

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- A) Silt

93. How does climate change affect fisheries?

(A) It has no impact on fish population

(B) It increases the abundance of fish species

(C) It alters ocean temperatures and habitats

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- C) It alters ocean temperatures and habitats

94. What is the primary coal producing region in the United States?

(A) Appalachian region

(B) Powder river basin

(C) Illinois basin

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- D) More than one of the above 


95. Which middle eastern country is largest producer of petroleum?

(A) Saudi Arabia

(B) Iran

(C) Iraq

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- A) Saudi Arabia 


96. What is the significance of the Strait of Hormuz in relation to petroleum in the middle east?

(A) It is a major oil producing region

(B) It is crucial chokepoint for global petroleum exports

(C) It has no relevance to petroleum trade

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- B) It is crucial chokepoint for global petroleum exports

97. What are the environmental impacts associated with iron ore mining in Russia and Australia?

(A) Deforestation

(B) Soil erosion

(C) Water pollution

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- D) More than one of the above 


98. In which state of the USA manganese mining is significant?

(A) California

(B) Texas

(C) Geogia

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- E) None of the above 


99. Which of the following is/are sustainable farming practices?

(A) Monoculture farming

(B) Natural farming

(C) Organic farming

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer:D) more than one of the above 

Organic farming and Natural farming are included in sustainable farming practices.

100. How does agriculture contribute to greenhouse gas emissions?

(A) Through livestock production

(B) Through fertilizer use

(C) Through land-use change

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

D) More than one of the above 


101. Which countries are among the top producers of iron and steel in the world?

(A) China, India and Japan

(B) Brazil, Russia and Germany

(C) USA, Canada and Australia

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- (A) China, India and Japan

102. What factors are responsible for location of cotton textile industry?

(A) Market

(B) Labour

(C) Availability of water

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- D) More than one of the above 

103. Match the following correctly Petrochemical Country

industry

A Philadelphia       1. Belgium and Delaware

B Antwerp.             2. USA

C Ras Tanura          3. Canada

D Montreal.             4. Saudi Arabia

(A) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

(B) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

(C) A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

(D) A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- (B) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

104. What are the main factors influencing trade routes and transportation networks?

(A) Geographical location and natural resources

(B) Political stability and government policies

(C) Technological advancements

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- D) More than one of the above 


105. Which of the following continent accounts for highest length and density of roads in the world?

(A) Australia

(B) North America

(C) Asia

(D) Africa

(E) None of the above

Answer:- B) North America 


106. Soo Canal and Wetland Canal have been constructed on which of the following waterways

(A) Volga waterways

(B) Rhine waterways

(C) Great lakes-St Lawrence waterways

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- C)Great lakes-St Lawrence waterways

107. The great wall of China stretches approximately how many kilometers?

(A) 5,000 km

(B) 10,000 km

(C) 1,50,000 km

(D) 7000 km

(E) None of the above

Answer:- E) None of the above 


108. Which species is believed to be the direct ancestor of modern humans?

(A) Homo habilis

(B) Homo erectus

(C) Homo sapiens

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- B) Homo erectus

109. What is the official language of Brazil?

(A) Spanish

(B) Portuguese

(C) English

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- B) Portuguese 

110. Which environmental issue is often associated with activities in mountain regions?

(A) Soil erosion

(B) Deforestation

(C) Air pollution

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- D) More than one of the above 

Soil erosion deforestation and Air pollution are  issues associated with activities in  mountain regions.


111. Which of the following regions is not typically affected by the monsoon?

(A) South Asia

(B) Sub-Saharan Africa

(C) Australia

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:-B) Sub Saharan Africa 


112. Which country experiences the highest annual rainfall due to the monsoon?

(A) India

(B) Bangladesh

(C) Thailand

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:+ A) India 

113. What is the term for the dry, dusty wind that blows from the Sahara Desert across North Africa and into the Mediterranean during the summer?

(A) Haboob

(B) Harmattan

(C) Khamsin

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- C)Khamsin 

114. What is the name of the mountain range in India that separates the Indo-Gangetic Plain from the Deccan Plateau?

(A) Arravali

(B) Vindhyas

(C) Western ghats

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- B) Vidhyas

115. Which famous North American grasslands is known for its tall grass species?

(A) Serengeti

(B) Pampas

(C) Prairie

(D) Savana

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- C) Prairies 

116. Which stage of demographic transition is characterized by high birth rates and declining death rates?

(A) Stage 1

(B) Stage 2

(C) Stage 3

(D) Stage 4

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- B) Stage 2


117. What factors influence the distribution of population?

(A) Climate, resources and economics opportunities

(B) Education level and political stability

(C) Language and religion

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- D) More than one of the above 

118. What is the strategy for sustainable urban development?

(A) Encouraging car-dependent lifestyles

(B) Promoting mixed land-use development

(C) Ignoring the importance of green spaces

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- (B) Promoting mixed land-use development

119. Sustainability is one of the four pillars of human development. Which of the following statements given below correctly defines sustainability?

(A) Equal access of opportunities for everyone

(B) Improvement in human choices

(C) Continuity in the availability of opportunities for present and future generations

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer:-C) Continuity in the availability of opportunities for present and future generations



120. With reference to Gross National Happiness Index (GNH). Consider the following statements

(A) The concept GNH was started in Bhutan

(B) It takes into account the harmful effects of technology on the environment

(C) It focuses on non-material and development

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

D) More than one of the above 


121. Match the following lists correctly and choose

the correct code

Nomadic tribes.    Regions

A Bedouin 1. Kalahari

B Bushman 2. Sahara Desert

C Pygmies 3. Zaire Basin

(A) A-3, B-2, C-1

(B) A-2, B-1, C-3

(C) A-3, B-1, C-2

(D) A-2, B-3, C-1

(E) None of the above

Answer:- (B) A-2, B-1, C-3


122. How does climate change effect habitat suitability for species?

(A) Enhances habitat conditions for all species

(B) Reduces the need for species migration

(C) Alters temperature and precipitation patterns, affecting habitat availability

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

AnswerC) Alters temperature and precipitation patterns, affecting habitat availability

123. The Oraon tribe is primarily found in which Indian State?

(A) Kerala

(B) Odisha

(C) Jharkhand

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- C) Jharkhand 

124. What hunting technique is commonly associated with the Bushman of Africa?

(A) Bow and arrow

(B) Trapping

(C) Poison darts

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:-A) Bow and Arrow 

125. What is a challenge faced by many nomadic

tribes in the modern world?

(A) Loss of traditional knowledge and

practices

(B) Access to modern healthcare facilities

(C) Integration into urban societies

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- More than one of the above 


126. The Growth Pole theory emphasizes the importance of

(A) Isolation of economic activities

(B) Spatially concentrated development Initiatives

(C) Neglecting urban centers

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer: B) Spatially concentrated development Initiatives

127. The Tarin Basin lies between, which of the

following mountain ranges?

(A) Kunlun and Allai

(B) Kunlun and Tien Shan

(C) Karakoram and Yablonovy

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above 

Answer:- (B) Kunlun and Tien Shan

128. Arrange the following mountain ranges from

east to west in correct order using codes

1) Dhaulagiri

2) Makalu

3) Annapurna

4) Gaurishankar

(A) 1-2-3-4

(B) 2-1-4-3

(C) 2-4-3-1

(D) 2-1-3-4

(E) None of the above

Answer:- C© 2-4-3-1

129. Which famous river flows through Tokyo,

Japan's capital?

(A) Shinano

(B) Tone river

(C) Sumida river

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- C) Sumida river

130. What type of landform dominates Japan's landscape?

(A) Desert

(B) Mountainous terrain

(C) Grasslands

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- B mountainous terrain 


131. Which sea separates Japan from the Korean

Peninsula?

(A) Sea of Okhotsk

(B) Sea of Japan

(C) East China Sea

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- East china sea

132. Who is known as the father of modern

geography and authored the seminal work

'Geographia'?

(A) Alexander Von Humboldt

(B) Ptolemy

(C) Eratosthenes

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- Deleted 

133. What geographic concept emphasizes the interconnectedness of all parts of the world, both physically and culturally?

(A) Spatial analysis

(B) Determinism

(C) Globalization

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- C) Globalisation 

134. Which of the following scholars is associated with the development of spatial analysis techniques during the quantitative revolution?

(A) Carl Sauer

(B) David Harvey

(C) William Bunge

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- D) Devid Harvery  and William Bunge both are associated with the development of spatial  analysis technique.

135. Dualism in geography can lead to

(A) A more holistic understanding of geographical phenomenon

(B) Increased specialization within the discipline

(C) Overemphasis on one aspect of geography at the expense of another

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- D) Dualism 

enhances 

understanding, 

increases 

specialization 

and emphasizes 

one aspect.

136. Which of the following is an example of a gendered space?

(A) A shopping mall

(B) A football stadium

(C) A construction site

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer D More than one of the above 

137. Which of the following is NOT a level of ecological organization?

(A) Organism

(B) Population

(C) Molecule

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- C) molecules 

138. Which of the following is NOT a major bio-energy cycle?

(A) Carbon cycle

(B) Nitrogen cycle

(C) Oxygen cycle

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- C) Oxygen 

139. What is the primary source of nitrogen for living organism?

(A) Nitrogen gas in the atmosphere

(B) Nitrogen compounds in soil

(C) Nitrogen dissolved in water bodies

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer:- A) Nitrogen gas in the atmosphere 


140. What is the primary advantage of using remote sensing in environmental monitoring?

(A) It provides real time data with high spatial resolution

(B) It is inexpensive and easily accessible

(C) It can only be conducted during daylight hours

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

 Answer: A It provides real time data with high spatial resolution

141. What is GIS?

(A) Graphical illustration system

(B) Geographic information system

(C) Global information system

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- B) Geographic Information System

142. What is net migration?

(A) The total number of people who leave

a country

(B) The total number of people who move

to a country

(C) The difference between the number of

immigrants and emigrants in a country

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- C The difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants in a country

143. The great Indian desert, also known as

Thar desert is located in which physiographic

region?

(A) Western coastal plains

(B) Indo-Gangetic plain

(C) Aravali range

(D) Deccan plateau

(E) None of the above

Answer:- C) Aravalli Range 

144. Which mineral is the primary source of

aluminum production in India?

(A) Iron ore

(B) Bauxite

(C) Coal

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- B bauxite

145. Which agricultural practice is common in the states of Punjab and Haryana?

(A) Shifting cultivation

(B) Subsistence farming

(C) Commercial farming with extensive use

of irrigation and mechanism

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- (C) Commercial farming with extensive use of irrigation and mechanism

146. Which river forms the boundary Between bihar and Western Uttar Pradesh?

(A) Son

(B) Punpun

(C) Mahananda

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above

Answer:- E None of the above 

147. Which district in Bihar has the highest

population density?

(A) Patna

(B) Muzzafarpur

(C) Begusarai

(D) Darbhanga

(E) None of the above

Answer:- E None of the above 

148. Which type of map projection preserves the shape of continents accurately but distorts their size?

(A) Mercator projection

(B) Robinson projection

(C) Conical projection with two standards

parallel

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above


Answer:- A Mercator Projection 

149. In a normal distribution approximately what

percentage of the data falls within one

standard deviation of the mean?

(A) 34 percent

(B) 50 percent

(C) 68 percent

(D) 70 percent

(E) None of the above

Answer:- C) 68%

150. What is the primary advantage of using GPS

in surveying?

(A) It provides highly accurate

measurements of distance and angles

(B) It allow surveyors to work in remote

areas with limited access

(C) It provides detailed aerial images of

the earth's surface

(D) More than one of the above

(E) None of the above


Answer D more than one of the above 

GPS provides accurate measurement and allows the surveyor to work in remote areas.


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