Geography Important Questions Series 6
WBMSC Questions class 9-10
Which carbonate mineral reacts readily with cool, dilute hydrochloric acid to produce visible bubbles of carbon dioxide gas?
(A) Dolomite
(B) Quartz
(C) Calcite
(D) Plagioclase
Answer:- Calcite
Calcite mineral forms rocks and has the chemical formula CaCO3. It is widespread and can be found in sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks all over the world. Some geologists consider it a "ubiquitous mineral," meaning it can be found anywhere.Calcite is the most common form of calcium carbonate and is known for its varied and beautiful crystals. Calcite often occurs as scalenohedral and can be commonly twinned as heart-shaped or butterfly twins. The calcite crystals are generally found as rhombohedral terminations; however, there are shallow rhombohedral terminations, also known as nailhead spar.Calcite is the main component of limestone and marble. These rocks are extremely common and account for a sizable portion of the Earth's crust. They are one of the world's largest carbon repositories.Optical Spar is a highly transparent calcite. It is usually found as spectacular crystals, which are massive, either as marble or as limestone. The calcite can also be seen as earthy aggregates, fibres, nodules, and stalactites. The specimens of calcite specimens can occur in igneous rocks, hydrothermal veins, and metamorphic deposits.
The strong tendency of certain minerals to break along smoothly. parallel planes is known as
(A) streak
(B) crystal form
(C) cracking luster
(D) cleavage
Answer :- Cleavage
Cleavage
It denotes the splitting of a crystal along a smooth plane.
Not every mineral exhibits cleavage.
A plane of structural weakness along which a mineral is likely to split.
The quality of a mineral’s cleavage indicates both the ease with which the mineral cleaves and the character of the exposed surface.
Fracture
Fracture takes place when a mineral sample is split in a direction which does not serve as a plane of perfect or distinct cleavage.
A mineral fractures when it is fragmented or crushed.
Fracture does not result in the occurrence of clearly demarcated planar surfaces.
Minerals may fracture in any possible direction.
If the internal molecular arrangement is so complex that there are no planes of molecules; the crystal will break in an irregular manner, not along planes of cleavage.
Lustre
Minerals may be categorized according to whether they are opaque or transparent.
Each mineral has a unique lustre like silky, metallic, glossy, etc.
Colour
Some minerals have a characteristic colour determined by their molecular structure.
Eg: malachite, azurite, chalcopyrite, etc.
Some minerals are coloured by impurities and because of impurities quartz may be white, green, red, yellow, etc.
Streak
Streak is the shade of a mineral when it has been crushed to a fine powder.
It may be of the same colour as the mineral or may differ.
For eg:
Malachite is green and gives green streak.
Fluorite is purple or green but gives a white streak.
Transparency
Transparent: Light rays pass through so that objects can be seen plainly.
Translucent: Light rays pass through but will get diffused so that objects cannot be seen.
Opaque: Light will not pass at all through the opaque objects.
Structure
Structure refers to the particular arrangement of the individual crystals.
Hardness
Hardness is defined as the level of difficulty with which a smooth surface of a mineral specimen may be scratched.
It is dependent upon the strength of the bonds which compose its crystal structure.
Ten minerals are selected to measure the degree of hardness from 1-10. They are:
Talc
Gypsum
Calcite
Fluorite
Apatite
Feldspar
Quartz
Topaz
Corundum
Diamond
Specific gravity
Specific gravity is a unit-less quantity.
It is defined as the ratio between the weight of a given object and the weight of an equal volume of water.
Which one of the following most accurately describes the volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands?
(A) Stratovolcanoes associated with subduction and a convergent plate boundary.
(B) Shield volcanoes fed by a long-lived hotspot below the Pacific lithospheric plate.
(C) Shield volcanoes associated with a mid-Pacific ridge and spreading center.
(D) Stratovolcanoes associated with a mid-Pacific transform fault.
Answer:- B) Shield volcanoes fed by a long-lived hotspot below the Pacific lithospheric plate.
The volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands are accurately described as shield volcanoes that are fed by a long-lived hotspot beneath the Pacific lithospheric plate. These volcanoes, such as Mauna Loa and Kilauea, are characterized by their broad shape resulting from the low-viscosity lava flows.
Lehman discontinuity separates
(A) crust from mantle.
(B) upper crust from lower crust.
(C) mantle from outer core.
(D) outer core from the inner core.
Answer:- D) Outer core from the Inner Core
The discontinuity between the upper core and the lower core of the earth is called Lehmann Discontinuity.
Key Points
The inner core is solid and the outer core is liquid.
The inner core is made of nickel and ferrous hence it is called nife.
Additional Information
Mohorovicic (Moho) discontinuity forms the boundary between the crust and upper mantle.
Conrad discontinuity separates the upper and lower crust.
Repetti discontinuity separates the outer and inner mantle.
Gutenberg discontinuity separates inner mantle and upper core
Oxygen is the most abundant element of the Earth’s Crust.
The lithosphere includes the crust and the upper part of the mantle.
Low relative humidity and high wet-bulb temperature are plotted as Taylor Hythergraph.
(A) Keen
(B) Scorching
(C) Raw
(D) Muggy
Answer:- B) Scorching
Wet-bulb Temperature: shows in the Y-axis, ranges from -10ºF to 90ºF
Relative humidity: Shows in the X-axis and ranges between 20% to 80%
Four corners: Raw (SE), Muggy (NE), Scorching (NW), and Keen (SW).
The scale of discomfort: started from very rarely uncomfortable to usually uncomfortable.
RAW: Wet bulb temperature below 40˚ F (4.4˚ C) and relative humidity over 70%. Cold and moist climate.
MUGGY: Wet bulb temperature over 60˚ F (15.5 ˚ C) and relative humidity over 70%. Hot and dry climate (found in deserts).
KEEN: Wet bulb temperature below 40˚ F (4.4˚ C) and relative humidity below 40%. Cold and dry climate.
SCORCHING: Wet bulb temperature over 60˚ F (15.5 ˚ C) and relative humidity below 40%. Hot and dry climate.
Tropical grassland is a typical characteristics of the
(A) Steppe biome
(B) Veldt biome
(C) Savanna biome
(D) Pampas biome
Answer:- C) Savanna Biome
GRASSLANDS -
Tropical grasslands: These occur on either side of the equator and extend to the tropics.
This vegetation grows in areas of moderate to low amount of rainfall.
The grass can grow very tall, about 3 to 4 meters in height. Savannah grasslands of Africa are of this type.
Elephants, zebras, giraffes, deer, leopards are common in tropical grasslands.
Grasslands are known by different names in different regions.
Tropical Grasslands
East Africa- Savanna
Brazil- Campos
Venezuela- Llanos
Temperate Grasslands
Argentina- Pampas
N. America- Prairie
S. Africa- Veld
C. Asia- Steppe
Australia- Down
The hazard that makes human life and livelihood most threatened in Bengal delta every year is
(A) Drought
(B) Flood
(C) Earthquake
(D) Riverbank erosion
Answer B) Flood
The Bengal delta is formed by the confluence of major rivers like the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna, making it highly prone to flooding during the monsoon season. These floods can cause widespread devastation, impacting agriculture, infrastructure, and displacing large populations. While other hazards like droughts and riverbank erosion also exist in the region, floods are considered the most significant threat to human life and livelihood.
The UNO sustainable development goal 6 relates to
(A) No poverty
(B) Zero hunger
(C) Clean water and sanitation
(D) Sustainable cities and communities
Answer:- C) clean water and sanitation
list of the 17 SDGs:
No Poverty
Zero Hunger
Good Health and Well-being
Quality Education
Gender Equality
Clean Water and Sanitation
Affordable and Clean Energy
Decent Work and Economic Growth
Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
Reduced Inequalities
Sustainable Cities and Communities
Responsible Consumption and Production
Climate Action
Life Below Water
Life on Land
Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
Partnerships for the Goals
Cumulative frequency table is important for
(A) Mean
(B) Median
(C) Mode
(D) Quartile deviation
Answer:-B) Median
Present is the key to the past states the philosophy of
(A) Environmentalism
(B) Catastrophism
(C) Uniformitarianism
(D) Neo-catastrophism
Answer:- C) Uniformitarianism
Uniformitarianism:
Uniformitarianism is the doctrine that existing processes acting in the same manner and with essentially the same intensity as at present are sufficient to account for all geologic change.
Uniformitarianism posits that natural agents now at work on and within the Earth have operated with general uniformity through immensely long periods of time.
The idea that the laws that govern geologic processes have not changed during the history of the Earth were articulated by the 18th-century Scottish geologist James Hutton, who in 1785 presented his ideas--later published in two volumes as Theory of the Earth (1795)--at meetings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
In the publication Principles of Geology, 3 vol. (1830-33), the Scottish geologist Sir Charles Lyell deciphered the history of the Earth employing Huttonian principles and made available a host of new geologic evidence in support of the view that physical laws were permanent and that any form of supernaturalism can be rejected.
This concept became known as uniformitarianism and can be summarized by the phrase "the present is the key to the past."
It was a direct rejection of the prevalent theory of the time, catastrophism, which held that only violent disasters could modify the surface of the earth.
However, the famous line that became associated with uniformitarianism—"we find no vestige of a beginning, no prospect of an end"—does come from Hutton's 1785 paper on the entirely new theory of geomorphology (the study of landforms and their development).
80. Kolkata is located in a seismic zone-
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
Answer:- B) 3
India has been divided into four seismic zones. These zones, designated as II, III, IV, and V, are based on the historical intensity of earthquakes and the tectonic activity of the region.
Here's a breakdown:
Zone II: Low-intensity zone, least seismic activity.
Zone III: Moderate-intensity zone.
Zone IV: Severe-intensity zone.
Zone V: Very severe-intensity zone, most seismic prone.
Stop-and-go determinism postulates
(A) change in direction and pace.
(B) change in pace only with the same direction.
(C) change in direction only with the same pace.
(D) change in space, pace and direction.
Answer:- A) Change in Direction and Space
Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?
(A) CFC
(B) Water vapour
(C) Argon
(D) Carbon dioxide
Answer:- C)Argon
Which scale is the simplest form of measurement?
(A) Ordinal Scale
(B) Nominal Scale
(C) Ratio Scale
(D) Interval Scale
Answer:- B) Nominal Scale
Nominal: Used to categorize data into mutually exclusive categories or groups.
Ordinal: Used to measure variables in a natural order, such as rating or ranking. They provide meaningful insights into attitudes, preferences, and behaviors by understanding the order of responses.
Interval: Used to measure variables with equal intervals between values. Temperature and time often make use of this type of measurement, enabling precise comparisons and calculations.
Ratio: Allows for comparisons and computations such as ratios, percentages, and averages. Great for research in fields like science, engineering, and finance, where you need to use ratios, percentages, and averages to understand the data.
Consider the following and choose the correct sequence of maps from smaller scale to larger scale.
(A) Globe, Topographical Map, Cadastral Map, Wall Map
(B) Cadastral Map. Topographical Map, Wall Map, Globe
(C) Globe, Wall Map, Topographical Map. Cadastral Map
(D) Cadastral Map. Wall Map. Topographical Map, Globe
Answer:- C) Globe, Wall Map, Topographical Map , cadastral Map
Which of the projections shows an object as it looks from front, right, left, top, bottom or back?
(A) Orthographic Projection
(B) Non-Perspective Projection
(C) Equal Area Projection
(D) Perspective Projection
Answer:- Orthomorphic Projection
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of descending order of soil types of India as per their surface coverage?
(A) Laterite soil, Red soil. Black soil, Desert soil
(B) Black soil, Red soil, Desert soil, Laterite soil
(C) Red soil. Black soil, Laterite soil, Desert soil
(D) Red soil. Black soil. Desert soil. Laterite soil
Answer:-(C) Red soil. Black soil, Laterite soil, Desert soil
National Waterway-5 (NW-5) is located in the state of
(A) UP
(B) Assam
(C) Odisha
(D) Tamil Nadu
Answer: - B) Odisha
National Waterway-1: Allahabad-Haldia stretch of the Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly river (Total length-1620 km) in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal.
National Waterway-2: Sadiya-Dhubri stretch of the Brahmaputra river (Total length-891 km) in the state of Assam.
National Waterway-3: Kollam-Kottapuram stretch of West Coast Canal and Champakara and Udyogmandal canals (Total length-205 km) in the state of Kerala.
National Waterway-4: (Total length-1027 km) in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Puducherry.
National Waterway-5: (Total length- 588 km) in the states of West Bengal and Odisha.
National Waterway-6: National Waterways 6 is a waterway between Lakhipur and Bhanga of the Barak River with a length of 121 km.
Net Reproduction Rate (NRR) refers to
(A) the ratio between female births in two successive generations taking mortality into account.
(B) the ratio between female births in two successive generations without taking mortality into account.
(C) the total number of children a woman would have if she survived all of her childbearing age.
(D) the total number of daughters a woman would have if she survived all of her childbearing age.
Answer:- A) the ratio between female births in two successive generations taking mortality into account.
Migration stream refers to
(A) stream-like movements of migrants that have a common area of origin and a common area of destination.
(B) total number of migrants that have a common area of origin and a common area of destination.
(C) total number of moves made during a given migration interval that have a common area of origin and a common area of destination
(D) narrow stream like paths of migrants
Answer:- (C) total number of moves made during a given migration interval that have a common area of origin and a common area of destination
Which of the following represents a correct sequence of ascending order of fishing grounds as per the production of fish?
(A) South-East Atlantic, North-East Pacific, South-East Pacific, North-East Atlantic
(B) South-East Pacific, North-East Pacific, South-East Atlantic, North-East Atlantic
(C) South-East Atlantic, North-East Pacific, North-East Atlantic, South-East Pacific
(D) North-East Pacific. South-East Atlantic, South-East Pacific, North-East Atlantic
Answer:- B) ) South-East Pacific, North-East Pacific, South-East Atlantic, North-East Atlantic
The poorest quality of iron ore is
(A) Limonite
(B) Siderite
(C) Taconite
(D) Hosmanite
Answer:-;B) Siderite
Minimum velocity of wind required for wind power generation is
(A) 4 - 8km / hr
(B) 20 - 25km / hr
(C) 15 - 20km / hr
(D) 8 - 14km / hr
Answer:- D) 8-14km/hr
Wind power is generated by the force wind exerts on the blades of a turbine, causing the turbine's shaft to rotate at a speed of 10 to 20 revolutions per minute (rpm).
The rotor shaft is connected to a generator that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
The amount of energy generated by a wind turbine depends on:
Wind speed (main factor)
The area swept by the blades
Air density
Wind turbines require:
A minimum wind speed (generally 12-14 km/h) to begin turning and generate electricity
Strong winds (50-60 km/h) to generate at full capacity
Winds of less than 90 km/h; beyond that speed, the turbines must be stopped to avoid damage
What is the population of rural India as per 2011 Census?
(A) About 733 million
(B) About 833 million
(C) About 933 million
(D) About 783 million
Answer:+ B) 833 million
According to WHO the neonatal death is
(A) Death among live births within one month of life.
(B) Death among live births during the first 28 completed days of life.
(C) Death among live births within one year of life.
(D) Death among live births within one week of life.
Answer:-(B) Death among live births during the first 28 completed days of life.
Who among the following is considered as the father of modern ecology?
(A) Ernst Haeckel
(B) Tansley
(C) Odum
(D) Charles Elton
Answer:- C) Odum
The simplest biogeographical cycle is
(A) P
(B) N
(C) 0
(D) C
Answer:- A) P
Which of the following resources has a known quantity?
(A) Abiotic resources
(B) Potential resources
(C) Actual resources
(D) Natural resources
Answer:+ C) Actual resource
Which of the following soil types has the highest phosphorus fixing capacity?
(A) Black soil
(B) Sierozem soil
(C) Chernozem soil
(D) Red soil
Answer:- Red soils
Number of biosphere reserves in India is
(A) 18
(B) 8
(C) 10
(D) 4
Answer:- A) 18
Humus layer in grassland is called
(A) Duff
(B) Mull
(C) Sward
(D) Orterde
Answer:- B) Mull
Plants which grow on the surface of other plants without causing any harm to it are called
(A) Epiphytes
(B) Lithophytes
(C) Macrophytes.
(D) Halophytes
Answer:- A) Epiphytes
Noctilucent cloud is located in the
(A) Troposphere
(B) Stratosphere
(C) Mesosphere
(D) Ozonosphere
Answer:- C) Mesosphere
What is the minimum value of Coriolis parameter for the development of a cyclonic vortex?
(A) 5.5/s
(B) 10.5/s
(C) 15.5/s
(D) 20.5/s
Answer:- 5.5/s
Which of the following clouds has the maximum contribution to the world's annual rainfall?
(A) Cumulonimbus cloud
(B) Stratus cloud
(C) Nimbostratus cloud
(D) Altostratus cloud
Answer:- A) Cumulonimbus cloud
The idea of the origin of monsoon is given by
A) Al Battani
(B) Al Balkhi
(C) Al Masudi
(D) Ibn Khaldun
Answer:- C) Al Masudi
Which of the following forces does not allow the wind to reach the centre of a low pressure area?
(A) Centrifugal force
(B) Coriolis force
(C) Centripetal force
(D) Frictional force
Answer:- B) Coriolis Force
The force that prevents wind from directly reaching the center of a low pressure area is the Coriolis force.
Into how many groups has ICAR divided the Indian soils?
(A) 11
(B) 10
(C) 7
(D) 8
Answer:- D) 8
Answer:- A
Answer:- B
Answer:-
Answer:A
Answer
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