RESOURCE AND DEVELOPMENT // CBSE CLASS 10// TEST PAPER-01

1. Ravines refers to the (1)

a. Bad land created at Kulu valley

b. Bad land created at Chambal valley

c. Bad land created at Godavari valley

d. Bad land created at Ganga valley

ANSWER: b. Bad land created at Chambal valley 

Explanation: A ravine is a landform narrower than a canyon and is often the product of stream cutting erosion.The Chambal river badlands is a late Pleistocene-Holocene degradational landscape. In the Chambal basin such lands are called ravine

2. This report introduced the concept of ‘Sustainable Development’: (1)

a. Brundtland Commission Report

b. Mandal Commission Report

c. Simon Commission Report

d. Bretley Commission Report

ANSWER:a. Brundtland Commission Report 

Explanation: The seminal contribution with respect to resource conservation at the global level was made by the Brundtland Commission Report, 1987. The term sustainable development was coined in the paper Our Common Future, released by the Brundtland Commission. The UN General Assembly realized that there was a heavy deterioration of the human environment and natural resources. To rally countries to work and pursue sustainable development together, the UN decided to establish the Brundtland Commission.

3. Name the most widely spread soil in India. (1)

a. black soil

b. red soil

c. Alluvial soil

d. late rite soil

ANSWER:c. Alluvial soil Explanation: Alluvial Soils: This is the most widely spread and important soil. Alluvial soils is are formed by the deposits of the sediments brought by rivers. Most of the rivers originate from the Himalayas and bring along high amount of sediments with them. It is found in the northern plains beginning from Punjab to West Bengal and Assam. It is also found in deltas of different rivers such as Krishna, Godavari, Kaveri and Mahanadi in peninsular India. Alluvial soil is highly fertile and is light grey in colour. Crops mainly cultivated include wheat, rice, maize, sugarcane, pulses, oilseed etc.

4. At present, there are about ______ hectares of degraded land in India. (1)

a. 130 thousand

b. 130 crores

c. 30 million

d. 130 million

ANSWER: d. 130 million Explanation: At present, there are about 130 million hectares of degraded land in India. Approximately, 28 per cent of it belongs to the category of forest degraded area, 56 per cent of it is water eroded area and the rest is affected by saline and alkaline deposits. Some human activities such as deforestation, over grazing, mining and quarrying too have contributed significantly in land degradation

5. In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practiced? (1)

a. Punjab

b. Plains of Uttar Pradesh

c. Uttarakhand

d. Haryana

ANSWER:c. Uttarakhand Explanation: Terrace or Step farming is a downward sloped section which has been fragmented into series of consecutive flat surfaces. These surfaces are used in vegetation and cultivation of vegetables, crops or flowers. Terrace farming is the most relevant and efficient way of farming for hilly regions such as Uttarakhand state.

6. What is strip cropping? (1)

ANSWER:The method of cropping in which large fields divided into strips is called strip cropping. There are strips of grass left to grow between the crops. This is done because breaks up the force of the wind.

7. What soil is the best for cotton cultivation? (1)

ANSWER: Black soil is the best for growing cotton. The black soil moistures very well hence it is excellent for growing cotton.

8. Where was the first International Earth Summit held? (1)

ANSWER: The first International Earth Summit was held in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.

9. State the importance of Rio convention. (1)

ANSWER: Rio convention is the first-ever legal convention on global climate change and biological diversity, held in Brazil. The Summit was convened for addressing urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global level.

10.  How do rocks plays an important role in the formation of soil? (3)

ANSWER: It takes millions of years to form soil upto a few cm in depth. Relief, parent rock or bed rock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and time are important factors in the formation of soil. Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of decomposers etc. contribute to the formation of soil. It is believed that climatic condition along with the parent rock material are the important factors for the formation of soil and its texture.

11. Explain any three steps that can be taken to solve the problem of land degradation.

(3)

ANSWER: The following steps can be taken to solve the problem of land degradation. i. Contour ploughing: Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes. This type of farming is usually practised across the hillside and is useful in collecting and diverting the runoff to avoid erosion. ii. Terrace cultivation: Steps can be cut out on the slopes, making terraces. Terrace cultivation restricts erosion. The use of terraces help to prevent erosion and soil runoff. By using terraces, a hillside can remain productive for as long as the soil is properly cared for and the terraces maintained. iii. Strip cropping: Large fields can be divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops. This breaks up the force of the wind, reducing its effect.

12. What are the different factors that determine land use? (3)

ANSWER: Both physical and human factors determine the land use pattern of any area. i. Physical factors include topography, climate, and soil types. ii. Human factors include population density, technological capability and cultural traditions.

13. Why does the pattern of net sown area vary from one state to another? (3)

ANSWER: Net sown area depends on topography and forest cover. This factor varies from one place to another. Hence, the pattern of net sown area varies from one state to another. On account of the vast expanse of India, its relief, climate, soil and socioeconomic set-up vary from region to region accounting for the variation in the pattern of net sown area from one state to another. i. The pattern of net sown area varies greatly from one state to another. It is over 80 per cent of the total area in Punjab and Haryana. Geographical conditions like climate and soil here, are favourable for cultivation. Further, due to agricultural advancement through Green Revolution, more areas have been brought under cultivation. ii. On the other hand, less than 10 per cent of the total area is net sown area in Manipur, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Topographical constraints, unfavourable climate and socio-economic reasons account for the low proportion of net sown areas in these states.

14. How has technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources? (5)

ANSWER:Technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources in the following ways: i. Human beings interact with nature through technology and create institutions to accelerate their economic development. 

ii. As more technological development occurs there is an increased need for inputs and utilization of resources. 

iii. Technical and technological development is closely linked to economic development.

 iv. For example, more factories providing employment to more people are a necessity. For the factory land and labour is used. For this mining of minerals and metals increases.

15. Provide a suitable classification of resources on the basis of ownership. Mention main features of any three types of such resources. (5)

ANSWER:i. Classification of resources on the basis of ownership: a. Individual resources b. Community-owned resources c. National resources d. International resources 

i. Individual resources: Resources which are privately owned against the payment of revenue by individuals, e.g., ponds, pasture lands, etc. These are also referred to as a private resource. These are indicators of a capitalist country and its influence.

 ii. Community-owned resources: Resources which are accessible to all the members of a community, e.g., picnic spots. These assets can be people, places or structures, and community services. 

iii. National resources: All the resources (minerals, water resources, forests, wildlife, land) which are present in the political boundaries and oceanic area of a nation up to 12 nautical miles in the ocean from the coast, termed as terrestrial water and resources therein belong to the nation.