NCERT Short Note for Class 6 Geography:- Social Science.
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NCERT CLASS -VI
GEOGRAPHY
CHAPTER 1.
Points to be remembered
1.The whole sky is filled with tiny shining objects – some are bright, others dim. It seems as if the sky is studded with diamonds. They all appear to be twinkling.
2.The full moon only once in about a month’s time. It is Full moon night or Poornima.
3.A fortnight later, you cannot see it at all. It is a New moon night or Amavasya.
4.The sun, the moon and all those objects shining in the night sky are called celestial bodies.
5.Some celestial bodies are very big and hot. They are made up of gases. They have their own heat and light, which they emit in large amounts. These celestial bodies are called stars. The sun is a star.
6.While watching the night sky, you may notice various patterns formed by different groups of stars. These are called constellations.
7.Ursa Major or Big Bear is one such constellation.
8.One of the most easily recognisable constellation is the Saptarishi (Sapta-seven, rishi-sages). It is a group of seven stars. that forms a part of Ursa Major Constellation.
9.The North star indicates the north direction. It is also called the Pole Star.
10.Some celestial bodies do not have their own heat and light. They are lit by the light of the stars. Such bodies are called planets.
11.The word ‘planet’ comes from the Greek word “Planetai” which means ‘wanderers’.
12.The earth on which we live is a planet. It gets all its heat and light from the sun, which is our nearest star.
13.The solar system
The sun, eight planets, satellites and some other celestial bodies known as asteroids and meteoroids form the solar system. We often call it a solar family, with the sun as its Head.
1. MERCURY - One orbit around sun - 88 days,
One spin on axis - 59 days.
2. VENUS - One orbit around sun - 255 days.One spin on axis - 243 days
3. EARTH - One orbit around sun - 365 days.
One spin on axis - 1 day
Number of moons - 1
4. MARS - One orbit around sun - 687 days
One spin on axis - 1 day,
number of moons - 02
5. JUPITER - One orbit around sun - 11 years, 11 months about 12 years. One spin on axis - 9 hours, 56 minutes, number of moons - about 53
6. SATURN - One orbit around sun - 29 years, 5 months. One spin on axis - 10 hours 40 minutes, number of moons - about 53.
7. URANUS - One orbit around sun - 84 years. One spin around axis - 17 hours 14 minutes, number of moons - about 27.
8. NEPTUNE - One orbit around sun - 164 years. One spin on axis-16 hours 7 minutes, number of moons - 13.
14.Inner planets - very close to the sun. They are made up of rocks.
15.Outer Planets - Very-very far from the sun and are huge planets made up of gases and liquids.
16.The Sun
The sun is in the centre of the solar system.
It is huge and made up of extremely hot gases.
It provides the pulling force that binds the solar system.
The sun is the ultimate source of heat and light for the solar system.
But that tremendous heat is not felt so much by us because despite being our nearest star, it is far away from us.
The sun is about 150 million km away from the earth.
17.Planets
A.There are eight planets in our solar system. In order of their distance from the sun, they are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
B.All the eight planets of the solar system move around the sun in fixed paths. These paths are elongated. They are called orbits.
C.Mercury is nearest to the sun. It takes only about 88 days to complete one round along its orbit.
D.Venus is considered as ‘Earth’s-twin’ because its size and shape are very much similar to that of the earth.
E.Pluto was also considered a planet. However, in a meeting of the International Astronomical Union, a decision was taken that Pluto like other celestial objects (Ceres, 2003 UB313) discovered in recent past may be called ‘dwarf planets.”
18.The Earth
The earth is the third nearest planet to the sun.
In size, it is the fifth largest planet.
It is slightly flattened at the poles. That is why, its shape is described as a Geoid.
Geoid means an earth-like shape.
Conditions favourable to support life are probably found only on the earth.
The earth is neither too hot nor too cold. It has water and air, which are very essential for our survival. The air has life-supporting gases like oxygen. Because of these reasons, the earth is a unique planet in the solar system.
From the outer space, the earth appears blue because its two-thirds surface is covered by water. It is, therefore, called a blue planet.
19.The Moon
Our earth has only one satellite, that is, the moon.
Its diametre is only one-quarter that of the earth.
It appears so big because it is nearer to our planet than other celestial bodies.
It is about 3,84,400 km away from us.
The moon moves around the earth in about 27 days.
It takes exactly the same time to complete one spin.
As a result, only one side of the moon is visible to us on the earth.
The moon does not have conditions favourable for life. It has mountains, plains and depressions on its surface. These cast shadows on the moon’s surface.
20.Asteroids
Apart from the stars, planets and satellites, there are numerous tiny bodies which also move around the sun. These bodies are called asteroids.
They are found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter .
21.Meteoroids
The small pieces of rocks which move around the sun are called meteoroids.
Our solar system is a part of this galaxy. In ancient India, it was imagined to be a river of light flowing in the sky. Thus, it was named Akash Ganga.
A galaxy is a huge system of billions of stars, and clouds of dust and gases. There are millions of such galaxies that make the Universe.
Sayantani Singh Msc in Geography , B.ed
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