CURRENT AFFAIRS:MOST IMPORTANT TOPIC
Ken Betwa Link Project (KBLP) National River Linking Project.
- The World water day is celebrated in 22nd of march 2022, It has been celebrating since.
- This year our respected union minister of jal sakti and two state government of MP and UP has signed a memorandum agreement that Ken Betwa link project (KBLP).
- It is the 1st project under the National River linking project first time in history. It is happening that water of Ken river will be transferred to the Betwa river. These two rivers are tributaries of river Yamuna.
- Ken meets with Yamuna in Banda districts of UP. It meets Betwa in Hamirpur district of UP.
- There are three dams over the Betwa river. These are Rajghat, Paricha and matalia Dam.
- Ken river passed through Panna tiger reserve.
- It will be implemented into two phrase
- Daudhan dam complex: The project involves building a 77-metre tall and a 2-km wide Dhaudhan dam and a 230-km canal.
- Lower orr dam bina complex projects and kotha barrage will be constructed
- The project has been delayed due to political and environmental issues.
- The river link projects will help in bundelkhaud region.it will be benefitted for irregitation for those region.
- Total land area 6,35,661hect.
- UP-2,65,780 hect.
- MP-3,69,881 hect.
- It will help 13.42 lack people for drinking water of MP and UP.
- It generated 78mw power.
- It will take 8 years to complete, costs 18057cr. 90% bear by central govt.
- Advantage of Interlining of Rivers:
- Reducing Drought: River linking will be a solution to recurring droughts in Bundelkhand region.
- Farmers’ Benefit: It will curb the rate of farmers suicide and will ensure them stable livelihood by providing sustainable means of irrigation and reducing excessive dependence on groundwater.
- Electricity Production: It will not only accelerate the water conservation by construction of a multipurpose dam but will also produce 103 MW of hydropower and will supply drinking water to 62 lakh people.
- Rejuvenate Biodiversity: Few are of the view that the introduction of dams inside the water scarce regions of panna tiger reserve (MP), will rejuvenate the forests of the reserve that in turn will pave the way for Rich Biodiversity in the region.
Issues:
Environmental: Because of certain environmental and wildlife conservation concerns like passing of the project though critical tiger habitat of panna tiger reserve, the project is stuck in for the approval from National Green Tribunal (NGT), and other higher authorities.
Economic: There is a huge economic cost attached with the project implementation and maintenance, which has been rising due to delays in project implementation.
Social: Reconstruction and rehabilitation caused due to displacement resulting from the implementation of the project will involve social cost as well.
Himachal Pradesh is Constructing Forest Ponds to Harvest Rainwater and Check Groundwater Depletion
* Forest ponds are being constructed in Himachal Pradesh to check the depletion of groundwater and to harvest rainwater. Under the Parvat Dhara scheme, the government has initiated rejuvenation of water sources and recharging aquifers through the forest department with an outlay of rs 20 crore.
* The department spent Rs 2.76 crore in 2020-21 for the construction of 110 big and small ponds, 600 check dams and 12,000 contour trenches along with plantation to store water and recharge the aquifers.
* The work was started in 10 forest divisions that include Bilaspur, Hamirpur, Jogindernagar, Nachan, Parvati, Nurpur, Rajgarh, Nalagarh, Theog and Dalhousie.
* The scheme aims to enhance the water level by retaining water for the maximum period. Efforts are also being made to improve the green cover by planting fruit-bearing plants.
* According to the official, the scheme would be implemented in other forest divisions with an emphasis on soil and water conservation through the plantation.
* Himachal Pradesh has 33 wildlife sanctuaries and two national parks. According to official records, 27%—15,433 sq km of the total 55,643 sq km—of the Himalayan state is under forest cover.
Assam Earthquake: 6.4 magnitude quake, 7 aftershocks jolt Northeast, tremors felt in Bengal
A powerful earthquake measuring 6.4 on the Richter Scale jolted Assam and other parts of the Northeast on Wednesday morning. Seven aftershocks were recorded in the hours after the first quake shook up the region.
The earthquake originated in Tezpur in Assam and tremors were felt even in North Bengal and other parts of the Northeast.
According to the National Centre of Seismology, the earthquake measuring 6.4 on the Richter Scale originated in Sonitpur, Tezpur of Assam. The first earthquake was recorded at 7:51 am and according to the seismology centre, it was centred 43 km west of Tezpur in Assam.
There were seven aftershocks following the first major earthquake, one at 7.58 am and another at 8.01 am. The seven aftershocks of magnitude 3.2 to 4.7 were recorded over the next 2 hours 30 minutes in the vicinity of Sonitpur in Assam.
The preliminary analysis shows that the events are located near to Kopili Fault closer to Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT).The area is seismically very active falling in the highest Seismic Hazard zone V associated with collisional tectonics where Indian plate sub-ducts beneath the Eurasian Plate.
What is Himalayan Frontal
Thrust (HFT)?
HFT, also known as the
Main Frontal Thrust (MFT), is a geological fault along the boundary of the
Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates.
What is a fault?
A fault as “a fracture
along which the blocks of crust on either side have moved relative to one
another parallel to the fracture”.
Tectonic Plates:
A tectonic plate (also
called lithospheric plate) is a massive, irregularly-shaped slab of solid rock,
generally composed of both continental and oceanic lithosphere.
A tectonic plate may be a continental plate or an oceanic plate,
depending on which of the two occupies the larger portion of the plate.
The Pacific plate is largely an oceanic plate whereas the
Eurasian plate is a continental plate.
Type of plate
Earthquake
An earthquake in simple words is the shaking of the earth. It is
a natural event. It is caused due to release of energy, which generates waves
that travel in all directions.
The vibrations called seismic waves are generated from earthquakes that
travel through the Earth and are recorded on instruments called seismographs.
The location below the earth’s surface where the earthquake
starts is called the hypocenter, and
the location directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter.
Types of Earthquake: Fault Zones, Tectonic Earthquakes, Volcanic Earthquake,
Human Induced Earthquakes.
Seismic Hazard Map of
India
India is one of the highly earthquake affected countries because
of the presence of technically active young fold mountains - Himalaya.
India has been divided into four seismic zones
(II, III, IV, and V) based on
scientific inputs relating to seismicity, earthquakes occurred in the past and
tectonic setup of the region.
Previously, earthquake zones were divided into five zones with
respect to the severity of the earthquakes but the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
grouped the country into four seismic zones by unifying the first two zones.
Seismic Zone II:
Area with minor damage earthquakes corresponding to intensities
V to VI of MM scale (MM-Modified Mercalli Intensity scale).
Seismic Zone III:
Moderate damage corresponding to intensity VII of MM scale.
Seismic Zone IV:
Major damage corresponding to intensity VII and higher of MM
scale.
Seismic Zone V:
Area determined by pro seismically of certain major fault
systems and is seismically the most active region.
Earthquake zone V is the most vulnerable to earthquakes, where
historically some of the country’s most powerful shocks have occurred.
Earthquakes with magnitudes in excess of 7.0 have occurred in
these areas, and have had intensities higher than IX.
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