ICSE Class 10 Geography // Chapter 4// Water Resources in INDIA

1, “The modem means of irrigation are gaining popularity.” Give two reasons to justify this statement.

Answer:

Fertilizer and nutrient loss is minimised.

Loss of water is minimum.

2.Mention two factors that favour the development of tube well irrigation in Punjab. [2]

Answer:

They are reliable source of irrigation.

They can be easily dug.

3. Give a reason for each of the following : [3]

Most of the South Indian states are not suitable for development of canal irrigation.

---The South Indian region being rocky is difficult to dig.

Most of the South Indian rivers are non perennial.

There is an urgent need for water conservation in India.

---Water is basic input in agriculture. So conservation of water is must for food security.

Development of irrigation is essential for the growth of the agriculture sector of India.

--- Rainfall in India is very uncertain, which increases the element of risk and makes crop production rather difficult.

Briefly explain the following terms : [3]

Inundation canal=The canals which are drawn directly from the rivers without making any kind of barrage or dam at their head to regulate the flow of the river and canal.

Rooftop rainwater harvesting= It is a technique through which rainwater is captured from the roof catchments and stored in reservoirs.

Surface water= Water that is on the earth’s surface such as streams, rivers, lakes or reservoir, etc.

There is plenty of rain in India during the rainy season, yet we need irrigation. Give two reasons to support this statement.

Answer:

Variability in Rainfall: Rainfall in India is very uncertain, which increases the element of risk and makes crop production rather difficult.

Unequal Distribution of Rainfall: In most parts of the country, 80% of the annual rainfall is received from June to September from the south-west monsoon. Saurashtra-Kutch region of Gujarat, western half of Rajasthan and parts of Punjab and Haryana are in the arid zone, where there is a constant deficiency of water.

Name three traditional means of irrigation.

1. Wells

2. Canals

3. Tanks

Give a reason why traditional means of irrigation are still important in most parts of India.

Answer:

Traditional means of irrigation like wells, canals and tanks are still important in most parts of India as these are cost effective methods whereas the modern methods like drip irrigation, sprinkle irrigation though save water but are very expensive.

Differentiate between Surface water and Ground water..

Mention two reasons to explain as to why we are facing water scarcity in recent times.

Answer:

(i) Overpopulation or large and growing population can lead to water scarcity as more population means more demand for water.

(ii) To facilitate higher foodgrain production, water resources are being over exploited to expand the irrigated areas and the dry season agriculture.

What is rain water harvesting?

It is the technique of increasing the recharge of ground water by capturing and storing rain water by constructing structures such as percolating pits, check dams, etc.

What are the advantages of rain water harvesting?

(a) To overcome the inadequacy of surface water to meet our demands.

(b) To check decline in ground water levels.

(c) To enhance availability of ground water at specific place and time and utilize rain water for sustainable development.

Name two water Harvesting systems practised in India.

Surface runoff and Rooftop rain water harvesting.

Give a reason for the significance of irrigation in : [2]

Punjab.--Punjab is an agriculture state so lot of water is required for irrigation.

Rajasthan.--Rajasthan is a dry state so irrigation is required to cultivate the crop and drinking.

Name a state where: [2]

Tube wells are common.= Maharastra

Tank irrigation is popular.= Tamil nadu

Give one geographical reason for each of the following : [3]

Sprinkler irrigation is practiced in arid and semi-arid regions.

Sprinkler type of irrigation does not involve any loss of water by seepage or evaporation, as water is supplied through pipes, and it is not exposed to the Sun.

A tube well should be installed in a fertile and productive region.

A tube well should be installed in a fertile and productive region so that the cost of construction and operation of tube wells could be covered. Also for perennial water supply to the crops.

Canal irrigation is more suitable in the Northern Plains.

Canal irrigation is more suitable in the Northern Plains because here the rivers flow through flat terrain and are perennial.

Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow: [3]