ICSE CLASS 10// CLIMATE//IMPORTANT QUESTION OF CLIMATE PART 2
Question 26.
State the benefits that are derived from the local winds that blow in summer in the following areas:
Kerala: During the summer season, the local hot winds blowing in Kerala are called Mango Showers. They bring rainfall which is very important for the ripening of the mangoes grown there.
West Bengal: During the summer season, the local winds blowing in West Bengal are called Kalbaisakhi. They bring rainfall which is important for jute and rice crops.
Question 27. Give a geographical reason for each of the following:
(i) Western Rajasthan receives no rain from the Arabian Sea branch of the South-West Monsoon winds.
(ii) Mangalore is not cold even in the month of December.
(iii) Even in summer Shimla is cooler than Delhi.
Answer(i) Western Rajasthan receives no rain from the Arabian Sea branch of the South-West Monsoon winds because the Arabian Sea branch of the South west monsoon blows parallel to the Aravalli hills. Since the moisture-laden winds do not strike the mountains, they do not cause any rainfall in Western Rajasthan.
(ii) Mangalore is situated along the Western Coast of India. the weather of Mangalore moderate i.e. neither too hot nor too cool. Hence, it is not cold even in the month of December.
(iii) Shimla is cooler than Delhi in summer because it is located at a higher altitude than Delhi and the temperature decreases with the height at a rate of 1°C for every 1000 m of ascend.
Question 28. Give two points of difference between the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch of South-West Monsoon Winds.
Answer
Arabian Sea branch of South-West Monsoon Winds | Bay of Bengal branch of South-West Monsoon Winds |
It enters Indian landmass after blowing over a vast open sea. | It travels a shorter distance and carries less moisture.
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Western side ghat gets heavy rainfall | Ganga Brahmaputra delta gets rainfall |
Question 29.
Name any two states that receive rain in January-February from North-East Monsoons.
Answer: The eastern coast of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh receives much rainfall during the winter season through north-east monsoons.
Question 30.
(i) What causes the winter rain along Coromandel coast?
(ii) Name a state which gets sufficient rainfall from the winter monsoon.
Answer: (i) North East Trade Winds or monsoon retreating cause the winter rain along Coromandel coast.
(ii) Tamil Nadu gets sufficient rainfall from the winter monsoon.
Question 31
Give a geographical reason for each of the following:
(i) Western part of Rajasthan is a desert region.
(ii) Kochi has a lower annual range of temperature than Agra.
(iii) The Northern plains and Punjab receive winter cyclonic rain in winter.
Answer
(i) The western part of Rajasthan is a desert because the Aravali range lies parallel to the moisture laden winds coming from the Arabian Sea. Since they do not obstruct the winds, it does not rain in western Rajasthan.
(ii) Kochi has a coastal location while Agra is located away from the sea. Due to the influence of the moist winds from the sea, Kochi experiences a moderate climatic condition throughout the year whereas Agra has extreme temperature conditions resulting in high annual range of temperature than Kochi.
(iii) The Northern plains and Punjab receive winter cyclonic rain in winter due to the western disturbances entering the Indian sub-continent from the North-west.
Question 32 Give two points of difference between Tropical Cyclones and Temperate Cyclones.
Answer
Tropical Cyclones | Temperate Cyclones |
These are tropical depressions originating in the Bay of Bengal caused by the local variations of heat and moisture. | These low pressure systems originate in West Asia and the regions near the Mediterranean Sea.
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They are active in November and December. | They are active between December and February.
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Question 33.
(i) Name one region which gets rainfall from the Retreating Monsoon.
(ii) Name two areas which get more than 200 cm of rainfall in India.
Answer (i) Tamil Nadu gets rainfall from the Retreating Monsoon.
(ii) goa and Arunachal Pradesh get more than 200 cm of rainfall in India.
Question 34.
Give a geographical reason for each of the following:
(i) Kanyakumari experiences an equable climate.
(ii) Chennai has a lower annual range of temperature than Lucknow.
(iii) Mangalore experiences more rainfall than Mysore.
Answer: (i) Kanyakumari experiences equable climate because it is located near the coast, and there is less difference between the temperatures during the summer and winter.
(ii) Chennai is located at lower latitude and is closer to the equator as compared to Lucknow. On the other side, Chennai is close to the sea so it experiences moderate climate whereas Lucknow is located away from the sea and hence it experiences continental type of climate. Therefore, Chennai has a lower annual range of temperature than Lucknow.
(iii) Mangalore lies on the windward side of Western Ghats and Mysore lies on the leeward side of the Western Ghats. Since areas located on the windward side receive more rainfall than the areas located on the leeward side, Mangalore experiences more rainfall than Mysore.
Question 35. where does the winter showers in Western Uttar Pradesh and Punjab originate?
Answer: Winter showers in Western Uttar Pradesh and Punjab originate from the weak temperate cyclones from the Mediterranean Sea.
Question 36. State the economic importance of Kalbaishakhi in West Bengal and Assam.
Answer: Kalbaishakhi is of economic importance in West Bengal and Assam because it brings rainfall in these regions. This rainfall is quite beneficial for growing jute and rice in West Bengal and tea in Assam.
Question 37.
Briefly explain the role of the Himalayas in determining the climate of India during:
(i) the hot weather season
(ii) the southwest monsoon season
Answer: (i) The Himalayas acts a climatic barrier separating the Indian subcontinent from the rest of Asia. it prevents the cold Siberian winds from entering the Indian region and from India becoming a cold desert.
(ii) During the South West Monsoon season, the Himalayas play an important role in determining the amount of rainfall received by several places in the country. They act as a barrier to the South West Monsoon winds coming from the Indian Ocean. These winds when strike the mountains bring rainfall to the northern plains.
Question 38
Give a geographical reason for each of the following:
(i) Chennai receives less rain than Thiruvananthapuram although it has rainier days.
(ii) Shillong gets less than 200 cm of rainfall in a year while Cherrapunji receives more than 1250 cm of rainfall.
(iii) Jaipur has a higher annual range of temperature than Mumbai.
Answer: (i) Thiruvananthapuram lies on windward side of Western ghats therefore it receives heavy rainfall from South West monsoon while Chennai lies on the leeward side and gets rainfall from North East monsoon which is not as strong. Thiruvananthapuram also gets some rain from the retreating Monsoon.
(ii) Cherrapunji lies on the crest of the southern range of Khasi hills. It receives rain from the South West Monsoon Bay of Bengal Branch as it is in the pathway of these winds. Hence, it receives heavy rainfall. Shillong is located on the upper (leeward) side of the Garo-Khasi-Jaintia hills, which is a rain shadow area and hence, receives less than 200 cm of rainfall in a year.
(iii) Jaipur has a higher annual range of temperature than Mumbai because Jaipur is situated in the northern part of India, away from the sea. Hence, Jaipur experiences continental type of climate, too hot in summer and too cold in winter. Mumbai, on the other hand, is situated near the sea so it has a moderate type of climate, neither too hot nor too cold.
Very Short Questions
Question 1: What is the most important feature of the tropical monsoon type of climate?
Answer: The most important feature of the tropical monsoon type of climate is alternation of Seasons.
Question 2: What are ‘Western Disturbances’?
Answer: Mediterranean Depressions originating over the Mediterranean Sea. These bring rain in winter to N.W. India.
Question 3: Define ‘monsoon’?
Answer: The word Monsoon is derived from the Arabic language which means Mansoon or weather.
Question 4: State the main factors that affect the climate of Indian sub-continent.
Answer: Its latitudinal extent, presence of the Himalayas, and presence of the Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal in the south affect the climate of India.
Question 5: Mention the cause of winter showers in Western Uttar Pradesh?
Answer: Westerly depressions originating in the Mediterranean Sea, cyclones are caused which give winter showers in Western Uttar Pradesh.
Question 6: Which parallel of latitude divides India into the northern and southern halves.
Answer: Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N latitude).
Question 7: Name the state in India through which the standard meridian of India and the Tropic of Cancer pass covering the longest distance.
Answer: Madhya Pradesh is the state in India where standard meridian of India, as well as the Tropic of Cancer pass covering the longest distance.
Question 8: What is the direction of the summer monsoon?
Answer: South West. The intense heat that prevails over India causes the development of low pressure over the northern plains. It attracts the moisture bearing South East Trade winds from the southern hemisphere. After crossing the equator, they are deflected to the right and blow over India as the south west monsoon winds.
Question 9: Which type of climate is experienced in the Northern Plains of India? State one main characteristic of this type of climate.
Answer: The northern plains experiences ‘continental’ type of climate as it is far away from the oceanic effect. The main characteristics of this type of climate is, that it experiences extremes of temperature in the months of summer and winter i.e. it is extremely hot in summer and extremely cold in winter.
Question 10: Why are there great variations in the climate of the Indian sub-continent.
Answer: India has diverse conditions. There are sharp variations in temperature and precipitation from place to place and Season to Season. The Indian climate is controlled by the following factors:
(i) Situation (ii) Relief (iii) Surface winds (iv) Upper current.
Question 11: Describe the process of retreat in case of summer monsoon.
Answer: By mid-September the South-West monsoon begins to withdraw from the Indian sub-continent. The retreating process gets accelerated as the pressure over the land gets higher than the Sea. Cool winds begin to blow from the north and the South-West monsoon starts moving backward.
Question 12: How are the sources of rainfall in the North-west part of India different from the rainfall experienced on the coastal areas of Eastern India in winter?
Answer: North-west India—Summer: South-west Monsoons (Bay of Bengal stream), Winter: Winter cyclones from Mediterranean Sea.
Coastal regions of Eastern India—Winter or North-east Monsoon or Retreating Monsoons.
Question 13: What is ‘October Heat’?
Answer: The retreating of monsoon winds that results in clearing the sky and the temperature increases. The land is still moist in these months. Owing to the high temperature, the humidity becomes very oppressive. This state of weather is known as October Heat.
Question 14: Mention two differences in the climatic conditions which prevail over Kerala and Uttar Pradesh in the month of June.
Answer:
Kerala in the month of June.
| Uttar Pradesh in the month of June.
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Kerala faces the South-West Monsoon which starts by the end of May and brings heavy rain. | Uttar Pradesh on the other hand lies to the north, in the interior. It will get the rain from the Bay of Bengal branch of the South-West Monsoon which will reach there by the end of June or beginning July. |
The climate is cooled | The plains are very hot in the month of June.
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