ISC GEOGRAPHY// Class 12 DEMOGRAPHIC ATTRIBUTES

 

ISC GEOGRAPHY// Class 12

DEMOGRAPHIC ATTRIBUTES

Q.1. What do you mean by the term 'demographic attributes"?

Ans. Demographic attribute refers to the characteristic of population composition that can generally be based on age structure, sex composition, occupation, marital status and religion, race as well as family and household size. A demographic attribute is important in understanding the nature of a country's population. Hence, the characteristic of population composition is often described as 'Demographic attributes.

 Q. 2. Differentiate between rural population and urban population.

Q. 3. Name three consecutive states which has highest percentage of rural population according to 2011 census.

Ans. The three consecutive states are: Himachal Pradesh (89.96%)

Bihar (over 80%) 

Assam (over 80% ).

Q.4. Define urbanization.

predominantly urban population is known as urbanization.

 Q.5. Name 3 consecutive states with highest urbanization.

Ans. Three consecutive states with highest rate of urbanization are:

Goa (most urbanized)

Tamil Nadu

Kerala.

Q.6. Name three consecutive states with lowest urbanization.

Ans. Three consecutive states with lowest rate of urbanization are:

Himachal Pradesh (lowest)

Jammu and Kashmir

Uttar Pradesh 

Q.7. Name the highest and lowest urbanized union territories.

Ans. Highest urbanized union territory Delhi and Chandigarh. Lowest urbanized Union Territory: Andaman and Nicobar.

Q.8. Define Sex composition.

Ans. Sex composition is one of the basic demographic characteristics of population. It is often expressed with the help of a ratio is called sex ratio. The sex ratio is defined as "number of females per 1,000 males in population". Thus, a sex ratio of 1,000 implies complete parity between the two sexes.

Q.9. What are the factors of low sex ratio in India?

Ans. Some important responsible for low sex ration in India are: 

(1) The male child receives a preferential treatment while the female child is neglected. 

(ii) Many woman die at the time of giving birth to child and this risk to married women remains high throughout the reproductive age. 

(iii) There has been a steady rise in dowry deaths in the recent past.

(iv) With small family norms, many young couples do not go for a second child if the first child happens to be a male.

(v) The craze for male child is reflected in the increasing number of sex determination tests and the abortions carried out in recent past if the child is female.

(vi) Neglect of status, health and education of females after their birth. 

(vii) For reasons still unknown, the number of males at birth is larger than the number of females.

Q. 10. Name some of the states with higher sex ratio.

Ans. Some of the states with higher sex ratio are: Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh. Chattisgarh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha.

Q. 11. Name some of the states with lower sex ratio.

Ans. Some of the states with lower sex ratio are: Uttarakhand, Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra.

Q. 12. Why is Indias population said to be a young population? Ans. Indias population is said to be young as it has the capacity to grow and reach to its maturity stage. The growth rate of India has been one of the highest in the world, for last 400 years. Population of India is growing at first rate and soon around 2030 population of India will outstrip Chinas population which is now most populous country in the world.

Q. 13. Compare Chinas population with Indias population in terms of literacy rates and sex ratio

. Ans. (1) Literacy rate of China is 82.9% while in India it is 65.38%.

(ii) Sex ratio in China is 949 females per every 1,000 males and in India it is 933 females per every 1.000 males.

Q. 14. Mention three broad groups of age according to census of India.

Ans. Three broad groups of age according to census of India are:

(i) Young (upto 15 years)

(ii) Adult (15 to 59 years)

(iii) Old (60 years and above).

Q. 15. Give some of the advantages of young population.

Ans. The population which is economically most active, biologically most reproductive and spatially most mobile are some of the advantages of young population. 

Q. 16. What are the reasons for higher old population in rural places than in urban places?

The reasons for such a condition are:

 (1) Birth rates are higher in rural areas as compared to those in urban areas.

(ii) Large number of adults migrate from rural to urban areas in search of job and better facilities of life. 

(iii) Adults who migrate to urban areas in search of job come back to their rural homes in old age.

Q. 17. Define Literacy rate.

Ans. [See the answer of board question no. 3]

Q. 18. Differentiate between crude literacy rate and literacy rate. 

Ans. Crude literacy is the ratio between literate person and by the total population and multiplying by 100.

Crude Literacy Rate =.Literate persons/Total population × 100

Literacy rate is the number of literate persons to total population above the age of 7 year and above is expressed n percentage.

Literate population Literacy Rate = Population in age group of 7 years and above 100

Q. 19. What is meant by 'Literacy decade'? Mention two important reasons for 'Literacy decade'. 

Ans . A decline in total number of illiterates during the decade of 1991-2001 termed as 'Literacy decade'.

The two important reasons for literacy decade are: (a) The increasing commitment of the resources in education has been increased significantly in India.

(b) The Government of India has undertaken the various programmes from time to fulfill the basic needs of education.

Q.20. Define the following:

(a) Participation Rate

 (b) Main workers

(c) Marginal workers

Ans. (a) Participation Rate: The proportion of workers in a population is expressed by a rate called participation rate.

(b) Main workers: The census of India, 1984 recognised an individual as a main worker if he was engaged in any economically gainful work for a period of 183 days in a year.

(c) Marginal workers are those workers who put in a lesser number of days in a year were classified as marginal workers. 2001 census defines marginal workers are those who had not worked for major part of reference period (less than 6 months).