SATELLITE TOWN // CONCEPT, FACTORS, CHARACTERISTICS, ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE  

The satellite city is one of the popular concepts in the urban planning. It is the small metropolitan area is located near to the large metropolitan area. The satellite town has the traditional downtown that surrounded by the neighbourhoods of inner city.  The satellite city or satellite town manages the urban sprawl.A satellite city is basically a mini-city which is planned in the near vicinity of a larger city or metropolitan area which has the same characteristics as a city. Satellite cities are designed to stop urban expansion to the suburbs.

The term “…Satellite town “first used by G.R. Taylor in 1915. The term Satellite town is at times used to designate a place that is at a distance from the city, but linked to it through the daily commuting of people. It is limited in size built in the vicinity of large town or city. Satellite city experiences cross commuting (that is city residents commuting out of and employees commuting in to the city)

Due to development of residential,industrial and educational centre ,the satellite town has developed. 

In satellite towns either rich or poor people resides because of cheaper land it is easy to find housing site. Satellite urban settlement is a secondary settlement which maintains a closer link with the main urban centre of which it is a part. Sometime satellite town presents a look of twin-town such as Dehri and Dalmianagar, Patna and Patna city,Varanashi and Mugalsharai etc.

Factors for growth of Satellite Town

 major factors are considered as the basis of emergence of Satellite Town.

Rapid population growth :

In Developing countries. like. Delhi which has yearly growth of 4 lakhs similar to Mumbai. According to World Disaster Report, the phenomenal growth of Mumbai and Delhi is like a disaster.Ecologists call it unprecedented and unsustainable growth of the colonial cities.

 The Satellite Towns are developed to accommodate the increasing population. Around Delhi, Ghaziabad, Faridabad has emerged as the Satellite Towns for industrialization, but its major factor was the population explosion of Delhi.

Functional specialization:

It is found  in both developed and developing countries. Surrounding old city  is tendency to develop a Satellite Town for a particular function..

Transpotational Development :

Transpotation plays a vital role for development of satellite towns.Whenever  major transport line emerges at some distance from the main town, then the transport stations become a centre of satellite town.The particular transport centre becomes a provider of transportation facilities to the main city.

E.g. Jasidih as satellite town of Deogarh, Khurda road as satellite town of Puri.

Environmental factors:

It is more important factor in developed countries.mother city is polluted and congested , for that purpose people try to move away from the city that leads to the development of satellite towns for residentail purpose. 

. E.g. New London near Boston, 

 

Characteristics:

1)  Smaller city near big metropolitan city: The basic characteristic of satellite city is that it is a smaller city near a large metropolitan city which has its own local govt. and economy which is independent of the neighbouring large city.

2)  Interconnected with Large cities: Satellite cities are interconnected with larger cities but are completely independent of the larger cities nearby. Sometimes the larger cities are locally known parent city.

3) Individual culture , history :Satellite city have their own culture, own history and their own independent economic infrastructure

4)  populations of satellite city are much smaller than that of the larger city: Satellite cities are not developed as the larger cities nearby. The populations of satellite city are much smaller than that of the larger city nearby. Many amenities and infrastructure facilities that are available in large cities nearby are not prominent in the satellite cities. 

5) There are good transport service between the satellite city and the large parent city nearby.

6) Students often travel to higher education institutions in the parent city as often quality educational institutions are located in the large city nearby and not in the satellite town or city.

Major Satellite Cities in India

 Prominent satellite cities near Delhi are Gurgaon, Noida, Ghaziabad and Faridabad.

 Mumbai also some renowned satellite cities like Navi Mumbai, Dombivli and Thane. 

Important satellite cities in Chennai are Kanchipuram, Mamallapuram, Sriperumbudur and Tiruvallur, among others. 

In Bangalore also there are a few prominent satellite townships like Kengeri and Yelahanka. 

Hitech City in Hyderabad, Salt Lake City in Kolkata, Pimpri-Chinchwad in Pune and Mohali in Chandigarh are other renowned satellite cities.

Types of satellite towns

Satellite towns can be classified into 6 types

Dormitory satellite town:  Loni in Delhi, New Ghaziabad, Patliputra colony in Patna.

Industrial satellite town: It is developed to provide industrial functions. example: . Faridabad, Ghaziabad

Administrative satellite towns:due to rapid growth of old administrative towns as administrative towns are getting more developed. example:  Gandhinagar is the satellite town of Ahmadabad; Dispur is the satellite town of Guwahati.

Transport satellite town: Waltare is the satellite town of Vizag, due to development of transport facilities 

Educational satellite town:  due to establishment of educational institutes.  Shantiniketan is the satellite town of Bolpur, BHU is the satellite town of Varanasi, etc.

Mixed satellite town: In this type of satellite town generally the village has turned into a satellite town having mixed functions. E.g. South Hill of London, Phulwarisharif of Patna, Bahadurgarh of Delhi.

Advantages of Satellite Cities

There are various advantages that Satellite cities has 

1.less pollution 

2. educational facilities

3. transport facilities

4.industries development 

Disadvantage 

there are various advantages that satellites has 

1. less development 

2. security problem

3.possible to congested to due to increase population

4. rapid growth of population 

SOURCE= WIKIPWDIA, PLANNING TANK