Target 2022 ICSE CLASS 10 IMPORTANT QUESTION OF SOIL OF INDIA
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Keywords:-Target 2022 ICSE CLASS 10 ,Target 2022 ICSE CLASS 10 ,Target 2022 ICSE CLASS 10 , ICSE, soil of india.
Soil in India
CLASS 10
ICSE IMPORTANT QUESTION
1. MENTION TWO DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ALUVIAL SOIL AND BLACK COTTON SOIL?
ALLUVIAL SOIL | BLACK COTTON SOIL |
It is an ex- situ which means it has been transported by rivers | It is in- situ type which is formed due to break down of parent rocks |
It is found in northern coastal plains such as Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Odisha. | It is found in the Gujarat, Maharashtra, parts of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh etc. |
Yellow in color | Black in color |
Rich in potash, humus, and lime. | Rich in iron, potash, lime, calcium, aluminum, magnesium and carbonate |
2. WHAT IS SOIL EROSION? MENTION THE STEPS THAT PREVENTS THE SOIL EROSION?
Soil erosion may be defined as the detachment and transportation of soil by the agents of denudation such as weathering running water, and wind etc.
There are two types of preventive measures:
1.Agronomic measures: tree should be planted in several rows to check the speed of wind. This reduce soil erosion
2.Mechanical measures: if dams are constructed in upper course of the rivers to check the soil erosion
3. STATE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FOLLOWING SOIL
ALLUVIAL SOIL:
Alluvial soils are transported by the rivers. They are thus called ex – situ. It is found in Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Odisha, coast of Gujarat, Rajasthan. The characteristics of alluvial soil are
1. Found to a depth of 500 meters
2. Yellow in color.
3. Rich in potash humus and lime.
4. Deficient in nitrogen tends to be phosphoric.
5. Varies greatly in texture from the coarse to fine.
6. crop grown such as cotton, oilseeds, sugarcane
4. BLACK SOIL:
Black soil is also known as regur soil which is originated by volcanisms. It has been formed in situ that found in the area where it has been formed. It is found in mainly in decan trap region such as greater parts of Gujarat, Maharashtra, parts of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, south Uttar Pradesh etc.
The characteristics of black soil are as follows:
1. Deep fined-grained and varying in color from black to chestnut brown.
2. rich in iron, potash, lime, calcium, alumina, magnesium and carbonates.
3. Moisture retentive and very sticky when it wets
4. when dry, hardens, and forms deep cracks.
5. crops grown such as wheat, jower, fruits and vegetables
5. RED SOIL:
Red soil formed in situ by weathering of crystalline and metamorphic rocks and has a mixture of clay and sand. It is found large part of Tamil nadu, Karnataka, north – east Andra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha
The characteristics of red soil are as follows:
1. Red in color
2. Present in high iron oxide content,
3. Deficient in nitrogen, lime, phosphorous, and humus.
4. Rich in potash.
5. Porous, friable, but not retentive of moisture.
6.DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS:
LEACHING: leaching is a process in which the nutrient of soil percolates down the soil due to heavy rainfall that makes soil fertile.
GULLY EROSION: gully erosion is a type of erosion which originates during heavy rainfall when running water cuts through the soil making in deep channel.
RILL EROSION: rill erosion is a type of erosion which originates when runoff water forms small channel running down the slope.
SHEET EROSION: the washing off the top soil due to the flowing of water as cover large area.
STREAM BANK EROSION: when river cuts down in concave side and deposits on another side i.e. convex side in the lower course is called stream bank erosion.
STRIP CROPPING: when strips of grass grown between the strips of crops. They are known as strip cropping.
CONTOUR PLOUGHING: when one plough along the contour line .
7. ONE WORD
1.IT FORMS SECOND LARGEST SOIL GROUP IN INDIA = RED SOIL
2.A SOIL WHICH IS GOOD FOR THE CULTIVATION OF TEA AND COFFEE= LATE RITE SOIL
3.A FERTILE YOUNG ALLUVIUM SOIL= KHADAR SOIL
4. ONE INSITU= RED SOIL AND EX SITU SOIL= ALLUVIAL SOIL
5.A SOIL THAT EXPERIENCE LEACHING= LATERITE SOIL
6. A FERTILE OLD ALLUVIUM SOIL = BHANGAR
GIVE THE REASONS
v DIFFERENT REGION IN INDIA HAVING DIFFERENT KIND OF SOIL
ü India has a vast latitude and longitude extent. Different type climate prevails in different parts of India; there are also different types of rocks which differ region to region so that different region of India has different types of soil.
v BLACK SOIL IS SUITABLE FOR COTTON.
ü Black soil has a high water level holding capacity and it has high level of clay which is suitable for cotton because it requires good drainage system and can hold water.
v REFORESTRATION IS IMPORTANT
ü The root of trees can hold on soil and prevents the soil erosion. Due to deforestation soil are loosely bind which leads to soil erosion.
v ALLUVIAL SOIL DIFFERS IN TEXTURE
ü Alluvial soils are form due to deposition of sediments by rivers. It deposits in the upper reaches of the river which is unfined and dry while it reaches the lower coarse, it becomes fines and moist.
v BLACK SOIL DOES NOT GET LEACHED
ü It has high level of water holding capacity and also high level of moisture holding capacity.
v RED SOIL APPEARS IN RED
ü Due to presence of high iron oxide content in it.
2. NAME THE INDIAN SOIL WHICH IS FORMED DUE TO THE WEATHERING OF BASIC IGNEOUS ROCKS
ü Black soil
3. NAME TWO STATE OF INDIA WHERE BLACK OF SOIL FOUND?
ü Maharashtra and Gujarat.
4. AN IMPORTANT TRANSPORT SOIL IN INDIA
ü Alluvial Soil
5. SOIL THAT RICH IN IRON OXIDE
ü Red soil has rich iron oxide.
REASON: TERRANCE FARMING IS AN IDEAL FOR SOIL CONSERVATION FOR HILLY REGIONS
ü Steps are built on the slopes of the mountains to create flat lands to grow crops .Terrance farming is useful as it shows down the speed of water running down the mountain and preserves soil from erosion.
2. DRY FARMING IS PREFERRED IN AREA WITH RED SOIL
ü Because red soil is formed due to poor rainfall.
3. WIND IS COMMON AGENT FOR SOIL EROSION IN ARIED REGION
ü Arid regions are devoid of any moisture and have scanty vegetation cover, hence wind blows off soil is common agent of soil erosion.
4. BRIEFLY : MENTION ONE WAY IN WHICH MAN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SOIL EROSION
ü cutting down the tree in forests i.e. deforestation led soil erosion
5. HOW CAN DEEPENING OF RIVERBEDHELP IN PREVENTING SOIL?
ü Deepening of the river bed decreases the flow the river which helps in preventing soil erosion.
6. MENTION PHYSICAL CHARACTER OF LATERITE SOIL.
ü Laterite soil is formed by leaching. It is found in Andra Pradesh, Tamil nadu, west Bengal, Odisha, Karnataka, etc.
ü the characteristics of laterite soil are 1.red in color with high content of iron oxides
2. Poor in nitrogen and lime
3. Rich in iron
4. Course in texture.
5. Soft and friable.
6. High content of acidity and inability to retain moisture
7. WHY DOES ALLUVIAL SOIL DIFFER IN TEXTURE?
ü Alluvial soil differs in texture because it is formed due to erosional, depositional and transportation activities by river. So the upper coarse in the river is coarse and in the lower coarse is fine.
8. STATE TWO CROPS THAT WELL GROW IN ALLUVIAL SOIL =
ü Cereals and cotton
9. NAME ONE IMPORTANT CROP THAT GROWN IN BLACK SOIL=
ü Jower and wheat
10. GIVE CHEMICAL PROPERTY OF BLACK SOIL
ü Rich in iron, potash, lime, calcium, alumina, magnesium and carbonates.
11. WHY RED SOIL REQUIRES IRRIGATION.
ü It is loamy and cannot retain water.
AFFORESTATION PREVENTS SOIL FROM GETTING ERODED.
ü Afforestation is the planting of trees .the roots of trees can hold the soil and prevents from soil erosion.
2. LATERITE SOIL IS RED IN COLOUR
ü it is red in colour because of red soil which is formed by leaching
3. WHAT IS SOIL EROSION
ü Soil erosion may be defined as the detachment and transportation of soil by the agents of denudation such as weathering running water etc.
4. STEPS THAT COULD BE TAKEN TO SOIL EROSION.
ü agronomic measures
· strip cropping
· banned jhooming
· sheet erosion
· conserve grazing land
ü mechanical measures
· contour ploughing
· DPAP
· watershed
5. SIMILARITIES BETWEEN RED SOIL AND LAERITE SOIL
RED SOIL | LATERITE SOIL |
High iron oxide | High iron oxide |
Poor nitrogen and lime | Deficit of nitrogen and lime |
Tamil nadu, Andra Pradesh | Tamil nadu, Andra Pradesh |
6. BLACK SOIL DOES NOT GET LEACHED
ü Black soil does not get leached because of high holding capacity of moisture, it has high water retention capacity.
7. KHADER IS MORE FERTILE THAN BHANGER.
ü Khader is more fertile than bhanger because it is newly deposited alluvial soil at every year.
8. DEFINE:
ü SHEET EROSION: gradually removal of top layer of soil due to destruction of vegetation is called sheet erosion.
ü IN SITU: soil is formed at their originate position by weathering of parent rocks is called in situ
ü SOIL CONSERVATION: soil conservation refers to the steps taken to protect the soil from erosion.
9. ALLUVIAL VS RED SOIL
Alluvial soil | Red soil |
Punjab, Haryana, west Bengal, Odisha | Tamil nadu, Karnataka, Andra Pradesh, Odisha |
Yellow in color | Red in color |
Rich in potash, humus and lime | Rich in iron |
Cotton cereals | Rubber cashew |
10. DIFFERENT REGION OF INDIA HAVING DIFFERENT KINDS OF SOIL
ü India has a vast latitude and longitude extent. Different type climate prevails in different parts of India; there are also different types of rocks which differ region to region so that different region of India has different types of soil.
11. CONSERVATION OF SOIL AS NATURAL RESOURCE
ü Conservation of soil is important because of wearing off the nutrients from the top soil may cause the less agriculture productivity.
12. SOIL IS GOOD FOR THE CULTIVATION OF CASHEW NUTS = laterite soil
13. SOIL COVERS ALL MOST IN WEST BENGAL= alluvial soil
14. SOIL IS A RESULTS OF LEACHING= laterite soil
TRANSPORT SOIL VS IN SITU
ü
ü Transport soil | ü In situ |
ü This soil is formed when the agents of erosion deposit sediments at the place | ü the soil is formed when the parent rocks is broken into small fragments |
ü far away from its parent rocks | ü near at its parent rocks |
ü extremely fertile | ü less fertile |
2. BHANGER VS KHADER
Bhanger | Khader |
Old alluvial soil | New alluvial |
Less fertile | More fertile |
Small nodules | Fine texture |
3. NAME THE PROCESS THAT LATERITE SOIL FORMED= weathering
4. DISADVANTAGE OF LATERITE SOIL= it is infertile
5. RED SOILS ARE FOUND IN = Tamil nadu and Karnataka
6. ADVANTAGE OF RED SOIL= 1.rich in iron oxide 2. It is fertile soil.
7. TWO IMPOTANT CROP GROWN IN INDIA= wheat and rice
8. MENTION TWO IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTUCS OF LATERITE SOIL =
High iron oxide |
Deficit of nitrogen and lime |
Tamil nadu, Andra Pradesh |
9. NAME AN AREA OF BLACK SOIL IN INDIA= Maharashtra and Gujarat
10. MENTION THE CROP THAT GROWN IN THIS SOIL = cotton jower wheat sugarcane
11. HOW IS ALLUVIAL SOIL FORMED?
ü alluvial soil is formed due to deposit the materials brought by rivers
12. WHY IS THIS SOIL AGRICULTURALLY IMPORTANT?
ü because it is more fertile and rich in humus, potash and lime
13. NAME TWO IMPORTANT AGENTS OF SOIL EROSION? wind and running water
14. EXPAIL THE FORMATION OF LATERITE SOIL?
ü laterite soil is formed by leaching in the regions of lateritic rocks under high temperature and heavy rainfall with alternating dry and wet periods
15. WHY LATERITE SOIL IS NOT SUITABLE FOR CULTIVATION?
ü Leaching of lime and silica leaves behind a poor soil which is unsuitable for cultivation.
17. KHADAR VS BHANGER SOIL
Bhanger | Khader |
Old alluvial soil | New alluvial |
Less fertile | More fertile |
Small nodules | Fine texture |
18. MENTION THE TWO CHARACTERISTICS OF BLACK SOIL?
Black soil is also known as regur soil which is originated by volcanisms. It has been formed in situ that found in the area where it has been formed. It is found in mainly in decan trap region such as greater parts of Gujarat, Maharashtra, parts of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, south Uttar Pradesh etc.
The characteristics of black soil are as follows:
1. Deep fined-grained and varying in color from black to chestnut brown.
2. rich in iron, potash, lime, calcium, alumina, magnesium and carbonates.
3. Moisture retentive and very sticky when it wets
4. when dry, hardens, and forms deep cracks.
5. crops grown such as wheat, jower, fruits and vegetables
. WHY IS THIS SOIL AGRICULTURALLY IMPORTANT?
ü Black soil is formed due to disintegration of basalt which is suitable for cotton.
2. GIVE REASON: RED SOIL IS RED IN COLOUR.
ü rich in iron oxide
3. GIVE REASON: LARGE TRACTS IN MAHARASTRA IS COVERED WITH BLACK SOIL.
ü Because of in situ soil which is formed at its own position.
4. GIVE REASON: MAN IS LARGELY RESPONSIBLE FOR SOIL EROSION.
ü Because of the man made activities such as deforestation, jhooming , grazing land etc.
5. NAME THE SOIL WHICH IS FORMED DUE TO HIGH TEMPERATURE AND HEAVY RAINFALL WITH ALTERNATING WET AND DRY PERIOD= laterite soil
6. NAME THE STATE STATES WHERE THIS TYPE OF SOIL IS FOUND? = Andra Pradesh , Tamil nadu , west Bengal , Kerala
7. WRITE THE CHRACTERISTICS OF RED SOIL?
Red soil formed in situ by weathering of crystalline and metamorphic rocks and has a mixture of clay and sand. It is found large part of Tamil nadu, Karnataka, north – east Andra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha
The characteristics of red soil are as follows:
1. Red in color
2. Present in high iron oxide content,
3. Deficient in nitrogen, lime, phosphorous, and humus.
4. Rich in potash.
5. Porous, friable, but not retentive of moisture.
ü
8. WHAT IS CONSERVATION OF SOIL?
ü Soil conservation refers to the steps taken to protect the soil from erosion.
9. NAME ANY TWO FARMING TECHNIQUES WHICH HELP IN SOIL CONSERVATION?
· Strip cropping
· agro forestry
10. DEFINATION:
TRANSPOTATION SOIL: - This soil is formed when the agents of erosion deposit sediments at the place,
IN SITU: - soil is formed at their originate position by weathering of parent rocks is called in situ,
11. NAME THE SOIL IN WHICH COVERS THE SUMMITS OF EASTERN GHATS.= alluvial soil
12. NAME THE SOIL IN WHICH MAKES UP THE DELTA OF THE RIVER GANGA.= alluvial soil
13. NAME THE SOIL IN WHICH IS THE MOST SUITABLE FOR THE CULTIVATION OF COTTON?= black or regur soil
14. NAME THE SOIL WHICH IS STICKY WHEN WET AND CRACKS WHEN DRY?=black soil or regur soil
15. WHAT IS SOIL CONSERVATION?
ü Soil conservation refers to the steps taken to protect the soil from erosion.
16. HOW DOES REFFORESTATION HELP IN SOIL CONSERVATION?
ü Reforestation is the planting of trees .the roots of trees can hold the soil and prevents from soil erosion.
17. NAME THE PROCESS BY WHICH LATERITE SOIL IS FORMED? = leaching
18. WHAT CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ARE RESPONSILE FOR ITS FORMATION? high temperature and heavy rainfall
19. GIVE REASONS FOR: BLACK IS LARGELY FOUND IN THE DECCAN TRAP REGION.
ü
20. GIVE REASONS FOR: KHADAR IS MORE FERTILE THAN BHANGAR.
ü khader is new alluvial soil where as bhanger is old alluvial soil
21. SOIL EROSION BY WIND IS COMMON IN ARID REGIONS.
ü
22. NAME TWO STATES IN INDIA WHERE REGUR SOIL IS FOUND? = Gujarat and Maharashtra
23. IN WHAT WAY DOES REGUR SOIL IS FOUND?
ü Regur is volcanic origin – lava formed due to disintegration of basalt.
24. STATE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ALLUVIAL SOILS FOUND IN LOWER COURSES AND THE UPPER COURSES.
25. NAME THE TWO IMPORTANT AGAINTS OF EROSION?= wind and running water
26. STATE ONE METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE EROSION CAUSED? strip cropping
27. STATE TWO METHODS OF CONTROLLING THE EROSION OF SOIL CAUSED BY RUNNING WATER?
ü Sheet erosion: the steep slope has more erosive power of the rain causing sheet erosion over vast stretches.
ü Gully erosion: gully erosion takes place when water runs down or gushes in distinct path, forming hills which deepen to form ravines or gullies
29. WHICH MAKES THE BLACK SOIL FERTILE?
ü insitu type of soil rich in iron potash lime calcium ,alumina magnesium and carbonates
30. GIVE REASONS FOR: LATERITE IS UNSUITABLE FOR CULTIVATION.
ü LATERITE SOIL IF FORMED BY LEACHING OF LATERITIC SOIL UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE AND HEAVY RAINFALL WITH ALLTERNATING DRY AND WET PERIODS .LEACHING LIME AND SILICA LEAVES BEHIND A POOR SOIL WHICH IS UNSUITABLE FOR GROWTH.
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