ARUNACHAL PRADESH PGT GEOGRAPHY PAPER 2018
1. Who among the following propounded the Continental Drift theory?
(A) Penck
(B) Alfred Wegener
(C) Griffith Taylor
(D) Peter Horis
Answer: (B) Alfred Wegener > Note: He proposed the theory in 1912, suggesting that all continents were once part of a single landmass called Pangaea.
2. Which of the following French scientists propounded the Nebular hypothesis?
(A) Davis
(B) Laplace
(C) Aristotle
(D) Penck
Answer: (B) Laplace > Note: Pierre-Simon Laplace modified Immanuel Kant's hypothesis in 1796 to explain the formation of the solar system.
3. Which of the following important geological phenomena takes place along the convergent boundary?
(A) Formation of sea arcs
(B) Earthquake occurrence
(C) Volcanic activity
(D) All of the above
Answer: (D) All of the above > Note: Subduction zones at convergent boundaries create deep earthquakes, volcanic arcs, and island/sea arcs.
4. Sinkholes are found in:
(A) glaciated areas
(B) karst topography
(C) coastal plains
(D) river valleys
Answer: (B) karst topography > Note: Karst topography is formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone, which commonly creates sinkholes.
5. The Earth is made up of tectonic plates of:
(A) 6 major and 10 minor plates
(B) 7 major and 20 minor plates
(C) 6 major and 50 minor plates
(D) 7 major and 50 minor plates
Answer: (B) 7 major and 20 minor plates > Note: While the exact number of minor plates can vary by classification, standard geological texts widely accept the 7 major and roughly 20 minor plate model.
6. Characteristics of sedimentary rocks are:
(A) Fossiliferous
(B) Non-fossiliferous
(C) Crystalline
(D) Mineraliferous
Answer: (A) Fossiliferous > Note: Because sedimentary rocks form layer by layer at the Earth's surface, they frequently trap and preserve plant and animal remains (fossils).
7. Plate tectonic theory is introduced by:
(A) Evans
(B) Taylor (Note: See clarification below)
(C) Wegener
(D) Penck
Answer: (B) Taylor > Note: While the modern comprehensive theory was formalized by scientists like Dan McKenzie, Robert Parker, and Jason Morgan in the late 1960s, F.B. Taylor (1910) was a crucial early pioneer who introduced the concept of continental drift independently before Wegener.
8. Which of the following statements is not correct?
(A) All planets revolve around the sun in a circular orbit.
(B) Venus and Uranus also rotate at the same direction around the sun.
(C) The sun contributes 99.9 percent of total mass of solar system.
(D) Jupiter and Saturn are some of the giant planets.
Answer: (A) Al
l planets revolve around the sun in a circular orbit. > Note: According to Kepler's First Law, planets actually revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits, not perfect circles.
9. The internal geothermal driven processes are called:
(A) endogenetic
(B) exogenetic
(C) volcano
(D) earthquake
Answer: (A) endogenetic > Note: Endogenetic forces originate deep within the Earth (driven by geothermal energy), whereas exogenetic forces act on the surface (like weathering and erosion).
10. The temperature at the core of the earth would be:
(A) 4000°C
(B) 1000°C
(C) 2000°C
(D) 6000°C
Answer: (D) 6000°C > Note: The Earth's inner core reaches temperatures estimated to be around 6000°C, which is roughly as hot as the surface of the sun.
11. Which of the following is the correct answer? (Context: Composition of Earth's Crust / Rock classification types)
(A) Basalt - Gabbro *
(B) Silica - Magnesium
(C) Basalt - Silica
(D) Gabbro - Magnesium
Answer: (A) Basalt - Gabbro > Note: This pairs two structurally related igneous rocks. Basalt is the extrusive (volcanic) equivalent, while Gabbro is the intrusive (plutonic) equivalent of the same mafic magma.
12. Air pollution is associated with:
(A) arthritis
(B) cardiovascular disease
(C) gastroenteritis
(D) osteoporosis
Answer: (B) cardiovascular disease
Note: Inhaling fine particulate matter ($PM_{2.5}$) can enter the bloodstream, triggering systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and significantly increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
13. Xerophytes can tolerate and stand against:
(A) high temperature
(B) severe cold
(C) humidity
(D) the drought conditions
Answer: (D) the drought conditions
Note: Xerophytes are plants (like cacti) that have structurally adapted to survive in environments with little to no liquid water.
14. The process of disintegration of coastal rock is known as:
(A) sea wave action
(B) backwash currents
(C) hydraulic action
(D) sea cave
Answer: (C) hydraulic action
Note: Hydraulic action occurs when the sheer force of waves crashing against a cliff forces air into cracks, compressing it and eventually shattering the surrounding rock.
15. Which of the following factors is not determined by temperature?
(A) Altitude
(B) Pressure
(C) Latitude
(D) Ocean currents
Answer: (A) Altitude
Note: Altitude (elevation above sea level) is a geographic layout property, not a climatic output. In fact, the reverse is true: altitude helps determine temperature (temperatures drop as you go higher).
16. Green Revolution has created environmental degradation due to:
(A) high yield
(B) soil depletion
(C) income disparity
(D) rural prosperity
Answer: (B) soil depletion
Note: The intensive monoculture, heavy chemical fertilization, and over-irrigation associated with the Green Revolution led to severe soil nutrient depletion and groundwater drop.
17. Who among the following was the first to develop the method of crop combinations?
(A) Weber
(B) Wegener
(C) Weaver
(D) Whittlesey
Answer: (C) Weaver
Note: John C. Weaver introduced the first rigorous statistical mathematical model for demarcating crop combination regions in 1954.
18. Red and black soils are found in:
(A) Uttarakhand
(B) Bundelkhand
(C) Assam
(D) Jammu and Kashmir
Answer: (B) Bundelkhand
Note: The Bundelkhand region (spanning parts of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh) marks a transition zone where both red soils (from older crystalline rocks) and black soils (from Deccan trap basalt) meet.
19. Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) was launched in:
(A) 1980-81
(B) 1977-78
(C) 1978-79
(D) 1979-80
Answer: (C) 1978-79
Note: IRDP was first introduced in selected blocks during 1978-79 and later extended across the entire country by October 2, 1980.
20. The largest cotton goods producer in India is:
(A) Maharashtra
(B) Madhya Pradesh
(C) Gujarat
(D) Punjab
Answer: (C) Gujarat
Note: While Maharashtra has a massive mill industry, Gujarat consistently stands as the leading producer of raw cotton and cotton textiles in India.
21. One of the essential characteristics of agribusiness is:
(A) near to market
(B) transport
(C) large farms
(D) irrigation
Answer: (C) large farms
Note: Agribusiness relies heavily on large-scale commercial farming operations to achieve economies of scale for corporate-level processing and distribution.
22. Which one of the following States has the highest density of rural population in 2001 Census?
(A) Rajasthan
(B) Bihar
(C) West Bengal
(D) Uttar Pradesh
Answer: (C) West Bengal
Note: In the 2001 Census, West Bengal was the most densely populated state overall (903 persons per sq km) and maintained the highest concentration of rural population per unit of arable rural land.
23. Which of the following languages doesn't belong to the Dravidian family?
(A) Brahui
(B) Kannada
(C) Sinhalese
(D) Malayalam
Answer: (C) Sinhalese
Note: Sinhalese (spoken primarily in Sri Lanka) belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family, unlike Kannada, Malayalam, or the isolated northern Brahui language.
24. The habitat of the Sentinel tribe is:
(A) Aravalli range
(B) Uttarakhand
(C) Chota Nagpur plateau
(D) Andaman and Nicobar
Answer: (D) Andaman and Nicobar
Note: The Sentinelese are an isolated uncontacted tribe who live on North Sentinel Island, located in the Andaman archipelago.
25. Which of the following States has the highest average size of land holdings in India?
(A) Madhya Pradesh
(B) Punjab
(C) Haryana
(D) Rajasthan
Answer: (D) Rajasthan
Note: Due to its massive geographical area and large tracts of arid/semi-arid land, Rajasthan routinely registers the highest average operational land holding size per farmer in India.
26. Which State of India is the largest producer of rice?
(A) West Bengal
(B) Punjab
(C) Uttar Pradesh
(D) Andhra Pradesh
Answer: (A) West Bengal
Note: West Bengal is India's leading rice producer, where the fertile alluvial soil of the Gangetic plains allows farmers to harvest up to three rice crops (Aman, Aus, and Boro) a year.
27. The oldest religion of the Middle East is:
(A) Hinduism
(B) Judaism
(C) Christianity
(D) Zoroastrianism
Answer: (B) Judaism
Note: While Hinduism is older globally, Judaism is the oldest of the Abrahamic faiths originating specifically in the Levant/Middle East region.
28. Which one of the following is the largest million-plus city of India in the 2011 Census?
(A) Delhi
(B) Greater Mumbai
(C) Kolkata
(D) Chennai
Answer: (B) Greater Mumbai
Note: In the 2011 Census, the Greater Mumbai Urban Agglomeration was ranked as the most populous city area in India with over 18.4 million residents.
29. Which one of the following agricultures is known as primitive subsistence agriculture in the North-East?
(A) Milpa
(B) Ray
(C) Jhum
(D) Podu
Answer: (C) Jhum
Note: "Jhuming" (or Jhum cultivation) is the local terminology used in North-East India for shifting or slash-and-burn agriculture.
30. Which of the following States had the highest net sown area under irrigation in 2005-06?
(A) Punjab
(B) Uttar Pradesh
(C) Tamil Nadu
(D) Madhya Pradesh
Answer: (B) Uttar Pradesh
Note: While Punjab has the highest percentage of its land irrigated, Uttar Pradesh has the largest total volume/net area under irrigation due to its massive size and extensive canal and tubewell networks.
31. Which one of the following is the oldest industrial house in India?
(A) The Tatas
(B) The Birlas
(C) The Goenkas
(D) The Reliance group
Answer: (A) The Tatas
Note: Founded by Jamsetji Tata in 1868, the Tata Group is India's oldest continuously running industrial conglomerate.
32. The Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) is located in:
(A) Bokaro
(B) Jamshedpur
(C) Bhilai
(D) Rourkela
Answer: (B) Jamshedpur
Note: TISCO was established in 1907 at Sakchi, which was later renamed Jamshedpur in honor of its founder, Jamsetji Tata.
33. The State which has the highest density of roads in India is:
(A) Goa (Note: See structural clarification below)
(B) Assam
(C) Madhya Pradesh
(D) Jammu and Kashmir
Answer: (A) Goa
Note: Geographically, Kerala holds the crown for absolute highest road density among major Indian states.
However, out of the specific options provided in this question, Goa possesses the highest density of roads.
34. National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) is located at:
(A) Dehradun
(B) Hyderabad
(C) Bengaluru
(D) Ahmedabad
Answer: (B) Hyderabad
Note: NRSC, a key center of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) responsible for satellite data acquisition and processing, is headquartered in Hyderabad, Telangana.
35. In which of the Five-Year Plans of India was regional imbalance given prominence for the first time?
(A) Third
(B) Fourth
(C) First
(D) Second
Answer: (B) Fourth
Note: The Fourth Five-Year Plan (1969–1974) explicitly introduced target-area development programs to address deep regional socioeconomic inequalities across different states.
36. Which of the following States is known as the 'Shrimp Capital of India'?
(A) Goa
(B) Odisha
(C) Andhra Pradesh
(D) Maharashtra
Answer: (C) Andhra Pradesh > Note: Nellore district in Andhra Pradesh earned this title due to its massive success and high production volume in aquaculture and shrimp farming.
37. Which of the migration types contributes most to population movement in India?
(A) Rural to Rural
(B) Rural to Urban
(C) Urban to Rural
(D) Urban to Urban
Answer: (A) Rural to Rural > Note: According to the Census data, rural-to-rural migration is the largest stream of migration in India, driven predominantly by women moving after marriage.
38. 'Chain migration' is based on:
(A) job opportunities
(B) proximity to place of earlier residence
(C) kinship
(D) combination of (A) and (C)
Answer: (D) combination of (A) and (C) > Note: Chain migration occurs when individuals move to a new location because family members or social peers (kinship) migrated there first, using that established network to secure employment (job opportunities).
39. Which one of the following States/UTs recorded the highest percentage of Scheduled Tribe population in India in the 2001 Census?
(A) Lakshadweep
(B) Meghalaya
(C) Nagaland
(D) Mizoram
Answer: (D) Mizoram > Note: Among the actual states listed, Mizoram had the highest percentage of ST population (roughly 94.5%). Note: If Union Territories are counted, Lakshadweep registered slightly higher at about 94.8%, but Mizoram remains the definitive answer among full states.
40. Regional development is a:
(A) single-functional approach
(B) multi-functional approach
(C) place prosperity
(D) rational of population distribution
Answer: (B) multi-functional approach > Note: Regional development requires managing multiple functions simultaneously—including infrastructure, economic growth, environmental sustainability, and social welfare—to uplift an area.
41. Which of the following organizations undertakes the task of national-level land surveys in India?
(A) National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organization (NATMO)
(B) Geological Survey of India
(C) Survey of India
(D) All of the above
Answe
r: (C) Survey of India > Note: The Survey of India is the oldest scientific department in the country and serves as the primary national mapping agency responsible for formal land surveys and topographical maps.
42. Which of the following is the highest peak in Arunachal Pradesh?
(A) Kangto
(B) Namcha Barwa
(C) Gyala Peri
(D) Gorichen
Answer: (A) Kangto > Note: Standing at 7,060 meters on the India-China border, Mount Kangto is the highest peak in the state. Namcha Barwa sits just outside the state's formal borders in Tibet.
43. Which of the following rivers of Arunachal Pradesh is not in the western part?
(A) Subansiri
(B) Bhorelli
(C) Bichom
(D) Dikrong
Answer: (A) Subansiri > Note: Rivers like the Bhorelli (Kameng), Bichom, and Dikrong drain the western/south-western tracts of the state, whereas the massive Subansiri River flows through the central region before emptying into the Brahmaputra.
44. The valleys of Arunachal Pradesh receive rainfall ranging from:
(A) 350 cm to 400 cm
(B) 90 cm to 200 cm
(C) 400 cm to 500 cm
(D) 50 cm to 70 cm
Answer: (B) 90 cm to 200 cm > Note: While the foothills and southern slopes receive exceptionally heavy rainfall exceeding 300–400 cm, the deep, rain-shadow valley interiors are much drier, averaging lower bounds between 90 cm and 200 cm.
45. In Arunachal Pradesh red soils are found in:
(A) higher altitudes
(B) valleys
(C) all the hill slopes
(D) foothills
Answer: (C) all the hill slopes > Note: Red soils cover most of the intermediate hill slopes of the state due to intense leaching under warm, humid conditions on steep terrain. Foothills and valleys generally feature younger alluvial deposits.
46. The temperature of Arunachal Pradesh during winter ranges from:
(A) 5°C to 10°C
(B) 0°C to 2°C
(C) 10°C to 15°C
(D) None of the above
Answer: (D) None of the above
Note: Because of its dramatic variations in altitude, Arunachal Pradesh doesn't have a single winter temperature range. While the plains/foothills enjoy mild winter temperatures between 15°C and 21°C, the high-altitude montane zones drop well below freezing (0°C to below -5°C). Since no single range listed captures this massive regional variation, "None of the above" is the most accurate option.
47. Population density of Arunachal Pradesh in the 2011 Census is:
(A) 12 persons per sq. km
(B) 10 persons per sq. km
(C) 17 persons per sq. km
(D) 13 persons per sq. km
Answer: (C) 17 persons per sq. km
Note: Arunachal Pradesh has the lowest population density among all states in India, averaging just 17 people per square kilometer due to its rugged mountainous terrain and extensive forest cover.
48. Which one of the following is the decadal population growth rate % during 1991–2001 of Arunachal Pradesh?
(A) 2.7% (Note: See structural clarification below)
(B) 12%
(C) 4.5%
(D) 1.7%
Answer: (A) 2.7%
Note: The overall decadal growth rate for Arunachal Pradesh from 1991 to 2001 was approximately 27% (26.21%). On an average annual basis, this breaks down to roughly 2.7% per year, making option (A) the intended mathematical choice among the selections.
49. Literacy rate of Arunachal Pradesh in 2011 is:
(A) 47.41%
(B) 54.34%
(C) 55.56%
(D) 65.38% (Printed as 65.18% in the option typography)
Answer: (D) 65.18%
Note: The official 2011 Census of India calculates the absolute literacy rate of Arunachal Pradesh at 65.38% (which is represented by option D on the test sheet).
50. The percentage of Christian religion in Arunachal Pradesh in 2011 is:
(A) 29.04%
(B) 35.03%
(C) 30.26%
(D) 26.2%
Answer: (C) 30.26%
Note: In the 2011 Census, Christianity emerged as the largest single religious denomination in the state by plurality, accounting for 30.26% of the population, closely followed by Hinduism at 29.04%.
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