Write about the Western Himalayas

High mountains, snow-capped peaks, friendly terrain, former rivers and valleys with vast snowfields at the top of glaciers are reflected across the Western Himalayas. Dr. SP Chatterjee has divided the Western Himalaya into the following four regions. Namely – a) North Kashmir Himalaya, b) South Kashmir Himalaya, c) Punjab Himalaya and d) Kumaon Himalaya. These are discussed in detail below

North Kashmir Himalayas:The Indus River traverses 650 km of narrow valleys diagonally through Kashmir. The location of the well-known Karkoram mountain range in the north of Sindh. It is a region inhabited by high mountain peaks and huge glaciers. Many rivers originate from these glaciers. The second highest peak in the Himalayas, K2 (8,611 m) rises above the border of the Baltaro Glacier. Ladakh Kashmir, India's highest plateau with an average elevation of 5,300 meters occupies the north-eastern part of the Himalayas. The Chang Chenmo Range divides Ladakh into two distinct sections. To the north of this range, the Chang Chenmae River meanders westward through an asymmetric valley with a flat surface.

South Kashmir Himalayas:The Jammu range of the Kashmir Himalayas between the Jhelum and Ravi rivers is highly disturbed and incised valleys often occupy the ridge topsoil. At the southern tip they inhabit rocky dry land - the "Kandi" section. The Poonch range rises up to 300 meters behind the Jammu range. These hills are composed of sandstone and shale. The Pirpanjal Range merges with the main Himalayan Range. The Pirpanjal rocks are formed as a result of parallel folding and faulting. The famous Banihal Pass traverses this range. The Kashmir Valley passes through the main Himalayan mountain range to the north and the Pirpanjal to the south. It is a valley with an almost flat oval surface. Lakes around the valley – deposits or KAREWAS are distributed step by step. They are diverted from the central part of the valley by the Jhelum and its tributaries. Main Himalayas The surface starts from Nanga Parbat (4,126 m) in Kashmir. It is dominated by many basins.

Punjab Himalayas:This region is also known as 'Himachal Pradesh Himalaya' as it is located in present day Himachal Pradesh. To the south of this region are the Shivalik mountains. Its southern slope is steeper, but the northern slope gradually merges into the valley. Its average height is 600 meters. To the north of Shivalik lie the four mountains of Himachal or Sub-Himalaya – Dhauladhar, Pirpanjal, Nagti and Mussoorie. The slopes of these mountains are steep and sparsely populated and forested. Valleys like Kangra, Chamba, Kulu, Lahul etc. are located on both sides of Dholadhar and Pirpanjal mountains. Shatadru, Bipasha and Irrawaddy rivers intersect the three Dhaoladhar mountains at different places. Kangra valley is located at the southern foot of Dholadhar mountain. It is particularly developed in economic activity and densely populated. Rohtang Pass through Pirpanjal (4, 800 m) connects Lahul in the north and Kulu valley in the south. Kulu valley is famous for apples. Dhaoladhar mountain has hot springs. There is a possibility of getting mineral oil from this region in future. Nagtibba and Mussoorie mountains are located on the border of Uttarakhand in the south-east of Himachal or Punjab Himalayas. To the north of Dhauladhar and Pirpanjal lies the High Himalaya (5,000-6,000 m). Passes like Kangla, Barachala pass through this mountain, and the Zanskar mountain at the extreme north-east separates the Spiti and Kinnaur valleys from the Tibetan Plateau in the north-east. Many glaciers can be seen on these two mountains. The rivers of this region supply water to both the Indus and Ganga river-valleys. Among the rivers, Chandrabhaga, Irrawaddy, Bipasha and Shatadru rivers are worth mentioning. 000 m) mountain is located. Passes like Kangla, Barachala pass through this mountain, and the Zanskar mountain at the extreme north-east separates the Spiti and Kinnaur valleys from the Tibetan Plateau in the north-east. Many glaciers can be seen on these two mountains. The rivers of this region supply water to both the Indus and Ganga river-valleys. Among the rivers, Chandrabhaga, Irrawaddy, Bipasha and Shatadru rivers are worth mentioning. 000 m) mountain is located. Passes like Kangla, Barachala pass through this mountain, and the Zanskar mountain at the extreme north-east separates the Spiti and Kinnaur valleys from the Tibetan Plateau in the north-east. Many glaciers can be seen on these two mountains. The rivers of this region supply water to both the Indus and Ganga river-valleys. Among the rivers, Chandrabhaga, Irrawaddy, Bipasha and Shatadru rivers are worth mentioning.

Kumaon Himalaya or Uttarakhand Himalaya:From the south to the north of this part of the Himalayas, all three mountain ranges namely Shivalik, Himachal and Himadri have spread from north-west to south-east. Shivalik Parbat is 750 meters to 1,200 meters high in the south. Its southern slope is very steep, but the northern slope gradually lowers and merges into the low-valley. These valleys are called 'dun'. Among them, Dehradun is the largest (36 km long and 25 km wide) and developed. Among the other valleys, Kotri, Chowkhamba, Patti, Kota are worth mentioning. To the north of the Dun-valleys are the Nagtibba and Mussoorie mountains of the Himachal mountain range. It is 1,500 meters to 2,700 meters high and averages about 75 kilometers wide. Many lakes can be seen on the east side of this mountain. Among them Nainital, Bhimtal, Naukuchiyatal, Sattal, Lakes like Punatal are of particular note. To the north of the Himachal range is the Himadri or High Himalayan range. It is 50 kilometers wide and has an average elevation of 4,800 meters to 6,000 meters. In this mountain range, Nandadevi (7,817 m), Kamet (7,756 m), Bandarpunch (6,315 m), Gangotri (6,614 m), Kedarnath (6,940 m), Chowkhamba (7,138 m), Trishul (7,120 m), Nandakot (6,861) Mr.) etc. are located snow capped peaks. Many rivers originate from this region of Himalayas. These rivers can be divided into three river systems – Ganga, Yamuna and Kali. Snow-capped peaks like Nandakot (6,861 m) are located. Many rivers originate from this region of the Himalayas. These rivers can be divided into three river systems – Ganga, Yamuna and Kali. Snow-capped peaks like Nandakot (6,861 m) are located. Many rivers originate from this region of the Himalayas. These rivers can be divided into three river systems – Ganga, Yamuna and Kali.