ICSE CLASS 10 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER: MINERAL RESOURCES 

What is meant by ore?

Answer: An ore is a combination of minerals and impurities. Ore is a mineral from which the metal can be extracted conveniently and economically.

What is a mineral? State two characteristics of minerals.

Answer: Minerals are natural substances of organic or inorganic origin with definite chemical and physical properties.

 

Two characteristics of minerals are-

·        Minerals are not evenly distributed over space.

·        Minerals have inverse relationship in quality and quantity.

How iron ore important for us?

Answer: Iron ore is used for extraction of iron which is further used for making pig iron, sponge iron and steel. Iron is used for construction of roads, railways, appliances, buildings, machines, tools and automobiles.

What is the position of India in Iron ore?

Answer :India is the fourth largest producer of iron ore in the world. Iron Ore is considered to be the backbone of the entire industrial development of our country

Name the three varieties of iron ore mined in India. Name one state where each is found.

Answer: ) Hematite -- Karnataka, Maharashtra and Goa.

2) Magnetite -- Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Kerala.

3) Limonite -- Raniganj coalfield in Uttarakhand, Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh and Kangra valley of Himachal Pradesh.

State the chief uses of iron ore.

Answer: Main uses of iron ore are the following:

·        Iron ore is used for extraction of iron which is further used for making pig iron, sponge iron and steel.

·        Iron is used for construction of roads, railways, appliances, buildings, machines, tools and automobiles.

·        Steel is used in a variety of other construction materials such as bolts, nails and screws.

·        Other applications include ship building, pipeline transport, mining, furniture and armour like personal armour and vehicle armour.

Which is the best variety of iron ore?

Answer:  Hematite and Magnetite.

Which are the mining centres that export iron ore?

Name the iron ore centres of Odisha .

Answer: Keonjhar, mayurbhanj, Sundargarh

What type of mineral is copper? Name any two states where copper is found in India.

Answer: Copper is a non-ferrous metal. It is found in Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.

State two uses of aluminium.

Answer: Aluminium is used in aircrafts and automobiles.

Fill in the blanks:

Mineral     Region        State

(a) Iron ore--- Keonjhar--- Odisha

(b) Iron ore--- Palamau ----Jharkhand

(c) Bauxite—Balaghat—Madhya Pradesh

(d) Manganese--- Wardha--- Maharashtra

 

6. Mention two uses of manganese .

Answer Two uses of Manganese.

(i) It is used to make steel tough and resistant to rusting.

(ii) It is used in dry cell batteries.

7. Name two leading producers of manganese.

Answer: Odisha and Karnataka

8. (a) Why is bauxite important?

Answer: Bauxite is the best and only material used for the production of aluminium. Aluminium production is the main use of bauxite. Once aluminium is extracted, it finds many applications in electronics, constructions, vehicles and in utensils.

(b) Which states lead in the production of it?

Answer: Odisha

9. (a) What are the characteristics of copper?

Answer: (i) ductility (ii) good conductor of heat

 (b) How is copper useful to us?

Answer: Uses of copper:

1. Its waterproof quality makes it a favourable material for roofing buildings.

2. Its lightweight makes it easier to use in constructions.

3. It can be used as an alloy material and can be used in the shipbuilding industry.

4. It is used in jewellery making.

5. Mainly used for water purifiers as an active ion infuser to let good quality water to flow out for use.

6. Constantan is used in strain gauges and thermocouples which are used as sensors in the instrumentation industry.

(c) How does copper occur in the nature?

Answer: It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Copper is found in nature in copper sulfide and copper oxide minerals, but is most often extracted from copper ores found in copper deposits.

 

(d) Which state is the largest producer of coal in India?

Answer: Madhya Pradesh

(e) Which are the other regions where copper is found in India?

Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Maharashtra , Andhra Pradesh

 

10 Match the following in Column A with Column B

 

(a) Hematite-------- ii) Manganese

 

(b) Copper-------(iii) High conductivity

(c) Aluminium------(i) Bauxite

 (d) Iron and steel-----(iv) Iron ore

 

Which of the following  is a ferrous mineral.?

1.     Copper

2.     Bauxite

3.     Iron ore

4.     Coal

Which of the following is one of the most widely distributed minerals found in the earth's crust.?

1.     Iron ore

2.     Copper

3.     Coal

4.     Limestone

Which ore of iron is reddish in colour?

·        Magnetite

·        Haematite

·        Limonite

·        pit

which mineral is also known as 'Black ore'.

·        Limonite

·        Haematite

·        Magnetite

·        Siderite

Which  is the best quality of iron that contains more than 70 per cent of iron.

Answer: Magnetite

About 90 per cent of iron ore is used to make ................ .

1.     Bauxite

2.     Steel

3.     Brass

4.     Bronze

The main iron ore exporting ports in India are Mormagaon and ................ .

Answer: Visakhapatnam

Which is used as a raw material used for smelting of iron ore.?

Answer: Manganese

Which  is used in dry cell batteries?

Answer:Manganese

Which  mineral is used to regulate blood sugar levels and to support the immune system.

Answer?:Manganese

Which  is essential for plant growth and reduction of nitrates in green plants.

Answer:Manganese

Which  is a good conductor of electricity, highly malleable and ductile.

Answer:

Copper

Give a reason for each of the following:

 

Manganese is an important raw material in the iron and steel industry.

Answer:  Manganese is an important raw material in the iron and steel industry because it is used to make steel tough and resistant to rusting.

 

Bauxite is used in electrical equipment industry.

Answer: Bauxite is used in electrical equipment industry because it is a good conductor of electricity.

 

Raw iron needs to be alloyed in order to be useful in construction and automobile industry.

Answer

Raw iron needs to be alloyed in order to be useful in construction and automobile industry because raw iron by itself is not as strong and hard as needed for construction and automobile industry.

Magnetite is so called.

Answer: Magnetite is so called because it possesses magnetic property.

Copper is used for making electric wires.

Answer: Copper is used for making electric wires because it is a good conductor of electricity, highly malleable and ductile.

Aluminium is used for making aircraft.

Answer: Aluminium is used for making aircraft because it is light weight and strong.

What is lignite? Name the two areas where lignite is found in India.

Answer: Lignite refers to inferior variety coal which contains about 40% of carbon and a good amount of moisture and less of combustible matter.

Two states where lignite is found are Tamil Nadu and Gujarat.

Mention two reasons why minerals are important?

Answer: Minerals are important because availability of it effects the development of a country. Agriculture is also effected by the availability of minerals in the form of fertilisers.