KERALAM PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISION //HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHER //GEOGRAPHY QUESTION ANSWER PART 1
Question1:-
Arrange the following scholars in the correct chronological order
A:-Eratosthenes - Plato - Aristotle - Strabo
B:- Plato - Aristotle - Eratosthenes - Strabo
C:- Strabo - Plato - Aristotle - Eratosthenes
D:-Aristotle - Plato - Strabo - Eratosthenes
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question2:-
Match List - I with List - II and select the correct answer from the codes given below.
List - I List - II
(Book) (Author)
1. Ges-Periodos a. Strabo
2. Meteorologica b. Ptolemy
3. Geographica c. Hecataeus
4. Almagest d. Aristotle
A:-
1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
B:-1-c, 2-d, 3-b, 4-a
C:-1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
D:-1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question3:-
Who amongst the following are recognised as the founder of mathematical geography
?
A:- Hecateaus and Herodotus
B:- Homer and Aristotle
C:-Hecateaus and Eratosthenes
D:-Thales and Anaximander
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question4:-
Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and other labelled as
Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Humanistic geography rejects positivism and quantification in
geography.
Reason (R): Humanistic geography emphasises the role of the human agency and its
creativity in the construction of place space and landscape.
A:-
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
B:-Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
C:-(A) is true but (R) is false
D:-(A) is false but (R) is true
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question5:-Which perspective in geography is associated with Ferdinand de
Saussure ?
A:- Positivism
B:-Behaviouralism
C:- Feminism
D:- Structuralism
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question6:-
Who amongst the following scholars said ‘‘History must be treated geographically and
all geography must be treated historically’’ ?
A:-Herodotus
B:-Ptolemy
C:-Al-Biruni
D:-O.H.K. Spate
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question7:-
Who among the following geographers have written ‘‘Frontiers in Geographical
Teachings’’ ?
A:-Peter Hagget and Richard J. Chorley
B:- H.J. Mackinder and Spykman
C:-Ratzel and Darwin
D:-Humboldt and Ritter
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question8:-
Which of the following statements regarding Kant’s view on origin of Earth is true ?
A:-Kant introduced the Newtonian law of gravitation in his theory
B:-Kant developed his theory accepting the principles of conservation of angular
momentum
C:-Though Laplace put forward the Nebular Hypothesis of origin of the Kant is
regarded by many as the real propounder of Nebular Hypothesis
D:-All of the above
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question9:-
Who proposed the concept of uniformitarianism, often expressed as ‘‘the present is
the key to the past’’ ?
A:-Charles Lyell
B:-James Hutton
C:-Alfred Wegener
D:-William Morris Davis
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question10:-
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the concept of Pratt on
isostacy ?
(i) It was related to the law of compensation.
(ii) The density of plateaus is greater than the density of plains.
(iii) The density of plateaus is less than the density of plains.
(iv) It supports the law of floatation.
A:-
Only (i & ii)
B:- Only (ii & iii)
C:-Only (i & iii)
D:-Only (iii & iv)
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question11:-
Which of the following statements are incorrect regarding the convergent plate
margins ?
(i) Two plates moves towards each other.
(ii) Oceanic plates slip apart along the mid-oceanic ridges.
(iii) There is continuous formation of new crust.
(iv) There is subduction of heavier plate margins.
A:-
Only (i & ii)
B:-Only (ii & iii)
C:-Only (i & iii)
D:-Only (iii & iv)
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question12:-
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the Hawaiin type of volcano ?
(i) Volcano erupt through a central pipe
(ii) Volcanoes erupt quietly due to less viscous lava
(iii) The most violent and most explosive type of volcano
(iv) Lavas when caught by a strong wind glide in the air like red and glowing hairs
A:-Only (i & iv)
B:-Only (i & iii)
C:-Only (iii & iv)
D:-Only (ii & iv)
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question13:-
It involves intermittent sliding of rock fragments, rock blocks or soils downslope along
a curved plane caused by rotational movement.
A:-Creep
B:-Rock falls
C:-Slump
D:-Mud flow
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question14:-
Which of the following statements are incorrect regarding the formation of block
mountains ?
(i) Block mountains are formed due to upward movement of middle block between two
normal faults.
(ii) Block mountains are formed due to folding of crustal rocks by compressive forces
(iii) Block mountains may be formed when the side blocks of two faults move
downward whereas the middle block remains stable at its place
(iv) Block mountains may be formed when the folding of sedimentary rocks.
A:-
Only (ii & iv)
B:-Only (i & iii)
C:-Only (iii & iv)
D:-Only (ii & iv)
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question15:-
Who put forward the hillslope cycle theory or the cycle of pediplanation ?
A:-W. M. Davis
B:-W. Penck
C:-A. Wood
D:-L. C. King
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question16:-
Which of the following statements are correct regarding environmental geomorphology
?
(i) It deals with the impact of natural processes like volcanism, floods and droughts,
landslides etc.
(ii) It deals with environmental management and disaster reduction
(iii) It deals with the human impact on natural processes or environment
(iv) It deals with the urban growth and development only
A:-
Only (iv)
B:-Only (i, ii & iii)
C:-Only(iii & iv)
D:-Only (ii &iv)
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question17:-
The date on which the earth comes closer to the sun, the distance is 147 million
kilometres and this position is known as perihelion.
A:-4th July
B:-21st March
C:-3rd January
D:-23rdSeptember
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question18:-
What does the letter BWk of Koeppen’s climatic classification denotes ?
A:-Arid mid-latitude desert
B:-Arid low-latitude desert
C:-Semi-Arid low latitude desert
D:-Cool semi-arid mid-latitude steppe
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question19:-
Name the cloud which is transparent, whitish cloud veil of fibrous or smooth
appearance, totally or partly covering the sky, and generally producing halo
phenomena.
A:-
Cirrus
B:-Cirro-cumulus
C:- Cirro-stratus
D:-Alto-cumulus
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question20:-
Which of the following statements are incorrect regarding carbon dioxide and global
warming ?
(i) Carbon dioxide is presently increasing in concentration at the rate of 0.4% annually
.
(ii) Carbon dioxide is alone responsible for 60% of the global warming tendency.
(iii) Carbon dioxide is opaque to incoming solar radiation and transparent for long
wave terrestrial radiation.
(iv) Global temperature has increased to 10° C since the last ice age 18,000 years
ago.
A:-
Only (iv)
B:-Only (i, ii & iii)
C:-Only (iii & iv)
D:-Only (ii & iv)
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question21:-
Hot, dry and dusty winds blowing from Sahara Desert over central Mediterranean and
southern Italy in front of an advancing depression.
A:-Foehn
B:-Chinook
C:-Santa Ana
D:-Sirocco
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question22:-
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the relation between weather
and diseases ?
(i) The high Asthma weeks were associated with a rapid fall in the mean and minimum
temperatures.
(ii) Measles in the tropical countries occur mostly in the spring season
(iii) The greater incidence of diseases like influenza and pneumonia in summer in the
temperate regions
(iv) Malaraia spread by certain species of mosquitoes thrive more in temperate
climates
A:-
Only (i & iv)
B:-
Only (i, ii & iii)
C:-
Only (iii & iv)
D:-Only (i & ii)
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question23:-
Which of the following statements are incorrect regarding the formation of hurricanes ?
(i) A tropical hurricane is a nearly circular vortex averaging 500 to 600 km in diameter.
(ii) The central pressure in a well-developed hurricane may be 500 to 600 millibars
lower than the pressure at its outer edge.
(iii) The top of the hurricane is marked by divergent airflow which carries the
ascending air away from the storm centre
(iv) The core of the hurricane has high pressure centre and winds diverge from the
centre.
A:-
Only (i & iii)
B:-Only (ii & iv)
C:-Only (iii &iv)
D:-Only (i & iv)
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question24:-
Which of the following statements are correct regarding the cold front ?
(i) A cold front is defined as a front along which cold air is invading a warm air zone
(ii) The cold air mass is lighter and stays at the upper air whereas warm air mass is
denser and remains at the ground.
(iii) The cold air remains at the ground and forcibly uplifts the warm air mass
(iv) The warm air advances at the cold air to retreat, the zone of transition is called as
cold front.
A:-
Only (i & ii)
B:-Only (ii & iii)
C:-Only (i & iii)
D:-Only (ii & iv)
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question25:-
Which model explains urban land use in concentric models ?
A:-Hoyt Model
B:-Harris - Ullman model
C:-Burgess model
D:-Christaller model
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question26:-
According to the rank-size rule, the second-largest city is
A:-Equal in size to first
B:-Half the size of first
C:-Double the size
D:- One-third the size
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question27:-
In Central Place Theory, ‘‘threshold population’’ refers to
A:-Maximum population a city can support
B:-Minimum population required to sustain a service
C:-Total population of a region
D:-Density of population
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question28:-
Who among the following coined the term Urban fringe ?
A:-T.L. Smith
B:-Lewis Mumford
C:-Homer Hoyt
D:-Burgess
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question29:-
In Central place theory K = 4 represents
A:-Administrative principle
B:-Market principle
C:-Urban principle
D:-Transport principle
Correct Answer:- Option-D
Question30:-
The sector model of urban land use was proposed by
A:-Burgess
B:-Hoyt
C:-Harris
D:-Weber
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question31:-The concept of “megalopolis” was popularised by
A:-Christaller
B:-Jean Gottmann
C:-Burgess
D:-Alonso
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question32:-
Which among the following are considered pull factors of migration ?
a) Employment opportunity
b) Wars
c) Communal riots
d) Better standards of life
e) Natural disaster
A:-
a and d
B:- b, c and e
C:-c and e
D:-b and e
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question33:-
What is the term used to describe the transition zone between two different
ecosystems ?
A:-Biome
B:-Ecozone
C:-Ecotone
D:-Eco-Margin
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question34:-
According to the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), a year is classified
as a drought year when the total area affected exceeds
A:-10% of the total geographical area of the country
B:-20% of the total geographical area of the country
C:-50% of the total geographical area of the country
D:-75% of the total geographical area of the country
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question35:-
Match the following Environmental Laws in India with their respective years of
enactment.
List -1 List - 2
a) The Environment (Protection) Act 1. 1980
b) The Wildlife (Protection) Act 2. 1995
c) The Forest (Conservation) Act 3. 1972
d) The National Environmental Tribunal Act 4. 1986
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
A:-a-3, b-4, c-1, d-2
B:- a-4, b-3, c-1, d-2
C:-a-4, b-1, c-3, d-2
D:-a-2, b-3, c-1, d-4
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question36:-
The term ‘‘ecosystem’’ was first coined by
A:-Charles Darwin
B:-A.G. Tansley
C:-Eugene Odum
D:-Malthus
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question37:-
The phenomenon in which urban areas experience higher temperatures than their
surrounding rural areas is known as.
A:-Global warming
B:-Thermal inversion
C:-Urban heat island
D:-Greenhouse effect
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question38:-
Which of the following pairs is correctly matched ?
A:-Chipko Movement – Odisha
B:-Silent Valley Movement – Tamil Nadu
C:-Appiko Movement – Karnataka
D:-Narmada Bachao Andolan – Assam
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question39:-
The term "carbon footprint" refers to
A:- Amount of oxygen consumed by each individual
B:-Total greenhouse gas emissions by an individual/activity
C:-Carbon in soil
D:- Forest cover per acre
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question40:-Which of the following is not a primary function of a map ?
A:-Spatial representation
B:-Communication of geographic data
C:-Exact replication of reality
D:-Visualization of patterns
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question41:-
Which of the following projections is best suited for polar regions ?
A:-Cylindrical
B:-Conic
C:- Azimuthal
D:-Mercator
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question42:-
Which of the following statements is/are correct ?
(i) Remote sensing is a source of cartographic data
(ii) Digital databases allow easy updating
(iii) Cartographic data includes only spatial data
A:-
Only (i & ii)
B:-Only (ii & iii)
C:-Only (i & iii)
D:-All of the above
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question43:-Typography in cartography refers to
A:- Map projection
B:-Use of symbols
C:- Lettering and text design
D:-Scale
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question44:-
Which of the following is a global mapping/charting organization ?
A:-United Nations
B:-International Hydrographic Organization
C:-WHO
D:- IMF
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question45:-
Which of the following statements is/are correct ?
(i) Raster data represents continuous phenomena
(ii) Vector data is best suited for discrete features
(iii) Raster data uses points, lines and polygons
A:-
Only (i & ii)
B:-Only (ii & iii)
C:-Only (i & iii)
D:-All of the above
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question46:-
Which of the following is the least suitable use of a thematic map ?
A:-Population density
B:-Rainfall distribution
C:-Elevation contours
D:- Land use
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question47:-Which of the following statements are correct about resource
classification ?
(i) Ubiquitous resources are found only in limited areas.
(ii) Potential resources are not currently utilised.
(iii) Non-renewable resources can regenerate naturally in a short time.
A:-
Only (ii)
B:-Only (i & iii)
C:-Only (ii & iii)
D:-All of the above
Correct Answer:- Option-A
Question48:-The concept of profit maximization in location theory is associated with
A:-Weber
B:-August Lösch
C:-Sinclair
D:-Jonasson
Correct Answer:- Option-B
Question49:-
Which organisation later evolved into the European Union?
A:- LAFTA
B:-EFTA
C:-EEC (EEF)
D:- ASEAN
Correct Answer:- Option-C
Question50:-
Which of the following best explains high cropping intensity ?
A:-Large landholding with monoculture
B:- Repeated cultivation on the same land
C:-Use of traditional seeds
D:-Low irrigation availability
Correct Answer:- Option B
EXPLAINATION:
Geography MCQs with Answers & Brief Explanations
1. Arrange the following scholars in the correct chronological order:
Eratosthenes
Plato
Aristotle
Strabo
Options:
A. Eratosthenes → Plato → Aristotle → Strabo
B. Plato → Aristotle → Eratosthenes → Strabo ✅
C. Strabo → Plato → Aristotle → Eratosthenes
D. Aristotle → Plato → Strabo → Eratosthenes
Answer: B. Plato → Aristotle → Eratosthenes → Strabo
Explanation:
Plato lived first.
Aristotle was Plato's student.
Eratosthenes came later.
Strabo belonged to the Roman period.
2. Match the books with their authors:
| Book | Author |
|---|---|
| Ges-Periodos | Hecataeus |
| Meteorologica | Aristotle |
| Geographica | Strabo |
| Almagest | Ptolemy |
Answer: C. 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
Explanation:
Ges-Periodos was written by Hecataeus.
Meteorologica was authored by Aristotle.
Geographica was written by Strabo.
Almagest was written by Ptolemy.
3. Who are recognised as the founders of Mathematical Geography?
Answer: D. Thales and Anaximander
Explanation:
Thales and Anaximander introduced mathematical and astronomical concepts into geography.
4. Assertion (A): Humanistic geography rejects positivism and quantification.
Reason (R): It emphasises human agency and creativity.
Answer: A. Both are true and R correctly explains A
Explanation:
Humanistic geography focuses on human experiences, values, meanings and perceptions rather than statistical analysis alone.
5. Which perspective in geography is associated with Ferdinand de Saussure?
Answer: D. Structuralism
Explanation:
Ferdinand de Saussure laid the foundation of structuralism through his linguistic theories.
6. Who said, "History must be treated geographically and all geography must be treated historically"?
Answer: A. Herodotus
Explanation:
Herodotus emphasized the close relationship between geography and history.
7. Who wrote Frontiers in Geographical Teaching?
Answer: A. Peter Haggett and Richard J. Chorley
Explanation:
Peter Haggett and Richard J. Chorley were pioneers of quantitative geography.
8. Which statement regarding Kant's view on the origin of Earth is true?
Answer: D. All of the above
Explanation:
Immanuel Kant proposed the Nebular Hypothesis using Newtonian gravitation and principles related to angular momentum.
9. Who proposed Uniformitarianism ("The present is the key to the past")?
Answer: B. James Hutton
Explanation:
James Hutton is regarded as the Father of Modern Geology and proposed Uniformitarianism.
10. Which statements are correct regarding Pratt's concept of Isostasy?
(i) Law of compensation ✔️
(ii) Density of plateaus is greater than plains ✔️
(iii) Density of plateaus is less than plains ✖️
(iv) Supports law of flotation ✖️
Answer: A. Only (i & ii)
Explanation:
According to John Henry Pratt, elevated regions have greater density and compensation occurs at a fixed depth.
11. Which statements are incorrect regarding convergent plate margins?
Answer: B. Only (ii & iii)
Explanation:
Statement (ii) refers to divergent boundaries.
Statement (iii) also describes divergent margins where new crust forms.
12. Which statements are correct regarding Hawaiian volcanoes?
Answer: D. Only (ii & iv)
Explanation:
Hawaiian volcanoes erupt quietly due to low-viscosity basaltic lava. Volcanic glass fibers called Pele's Hair are formed when lava is blown by wind.
13. Intermittent sliding of rock or soil downslope along a curved surface is called:
Answer: C. Slump
Explanation:
A slump is a rotational landslide where materials move downslope along a curved plane.
14. Which statements are incorrect regarding block mountains?
Answer: A. Only (ii & iv)
Explanation:
Block mountains are formed by faulting, not folding. Hence statements (ii) and (iv) are incorrect.
15. Who proposed the Cycle of Pediplanation?
Answer: D. L. C. King
Explanation:
Lester Charles King developed the Pediplanation Cycle.
16. Which statements are correct regarding Environmental Geomorphology?
Answer: B. Only (i, ii & iii)
Explanation:
Environmental geomorphology studies:
Natural hazards,
Human impacts on landforms,
Disaster management and mitigation.
17. Earth reaches Perihelion (nearest to the Sun) on:
Answer: C. 3rd January
Explanation:
The Earth is closest to the Sun (~147 million km) around 3 January, known as Perihelion.
18. What does BWk in Köppen's climate classification denote?
Answer: A. Arid mid-latitude desert
Explanation:
B = Dry climate
W = Desert climate
k = Cold or mid-latitude climate
19. Which cloud produces halo phenomena?
Answer: C. Cirro-stratus
Explanation:
Cirrostratus clouds form thin whitish veils covering the sky and often produce halos around the Sun or Moon.
20. Which statements are incorrect regarding carbon dioxide and global warming?
Answer: C. Only (iii & iv)
Explanation:
Statement (iii) is incorrect because CO₂ is largely transparent to shortwave solar radiation but absorbs terrestrial longwave radiation.
Statement (iv) is incorrect because global temperature has increased by approximately 5–6°C since the last Ice Age, not 10°C.
Important Facts for Exams
| Topic | Key Fact |
|---|---|
| Father of Geography | Eratosthenes |
| Father of Modern Geography | Alexander von Humboldt |
| Father of Geology | James Hutton |
| Humanistic Geography | Yi-Fu Tuan |
| Uniformitarianism | James Hutton |
| Pediplanation Theory | L.C. King |
| Perihelion | 3 January |
| Aphelion | 4 July |
| Halo-producing cloud | Cirrostratus |
Geography MCQs (21–50) with Answers & Brief Explanations
21. Hot, dry and dusty winds blowing from the Sahara Desert over the Mediterranean and Southern Italy are called:
Answer: D. Sirocco ✅
Explanation:
Sirocco is a hot, dry wind originating in the Sahara and moving northward towards Southern Europe. It often becomes humid after crossing the Mediterranean Sea.
22. Which statements are correct regarding weather and diseases?
(i) High asthma weeks are associated with rapid falls in temperature ✔️
(ii) Measles in tropical countries mostly occurs during spring ✔️
(iii) Influenza and pneumonia are more common in summer ✖️
(iv) Malaria mosquitoes thrive more in temperate climates ✖️
Answer: D. Only (i & ii) ✅
Explanation:
Asthma attacks often increase with sudden temperature changes.
Influenza and pneumonia are more common during winter.
Malaria mosquitoes prefer tropical and subtropical climates.
23. Which statements are incorrect regarding hurricanes?
Answer: B. Only (ii & iv) ✅
Explanation:
Statement (ii): Pressure difference of 500–600 mb is unrealistic.
Statement (iv): Hurricanes have a low-pressure center, not high pressure.
24. Which statements are correct regarding cold fronts?
Answer: C. Only (i & iii) ✅
Explanation:
A cold front occurs when cold air advances into a warm air mass.
The denser cold air remains near the surface and forces warm air upward.
25. Which model explains urban land use in concentric zones?
Answer: C. Burgess Model ✅
Explanation:
Ernest Burgess proposed the Concentric Zone Model in 1925.
26. According to the Rank-Size Rule, the second-largest city is:
Answer: B. Half the size of the first ✅
Explanation:
According to the Rank-Size Rule:
[
P_n = \frac{P_1}{n}
]
Thus, the second-ranked city has half the population of the first-ranked city.
27. In Central Place Theory, "threshold population" refers to:
Answer: B. Minimum population required to sustain a service ✅
Explanation:
Walter Christaller defined threshold population as the minimum number of consumers necessary to support a particular function or service.
28. Who coined the term "Urban Fringe"?
Answer: A. T. L. Smith ✅
Explanation:
T. L. Smith introduced the term Urban Fringe to describe the transitional zone between urban and rural areas.
29. In Central Place Theory, K = 4 represents:
Answer: D. Transport Principle ✅
Explanation:
K = 3 → Market Principle
K = 4 → Transport Principle
K = 7 → Administrative Principle
30. The Sector Model of urban land use was proposed by:
Answer: B. Hoyt ✅
Explanation:
Homer Hoyt proposed the Sector Model in 1939.
31. The concept of "Megalopolis" was popularized by:
Answer: B. Jean Gottmann ✅
Explanation:
Jean Gottmann used the term Megalopolis to describe the urban corridor from Boston to Washington D.C.
32. Which are pull factors of migration?
a) Employment opportunity ✔️
d) Better standard of life ✔️
Answer: A. a and d ✅
Explanation:
Pull factors attract people towards a place, whereas wars, riots and disasters are push factors.
33. The transition zone between two ecosystems is called:
Answer: C. Ecotone ✅
Explanation:
An Ecotone is a transition zone between two distinct ecosystems, such as forest and grassland.
34. According to IMD, a drought year occurs when affected area exceeds:
Answer: B. 20% of the total geographical area ✅
Explanation:
The India Meteorological Department classifies a year as a drought year when more than 20% of the country's area is affected.
35. Match Environmental Laws with years:
Environment Protection Act → 1986
Wildlife Protection Act → 1972
Forest Conservation Act → 1980
National Environmental Tribunal Act → 1995
Answer: B. a-4, b-3, c-1, d-2 ✅
36. The term "ecosystem" was first coined by:
Answer: B. A.G. Tansley ✅
Explanation:
Arthur George Tansley coined the term ecosystem in 1935.
37. Urban areas experiencing higher temperatures than surrounding rural areas is known as:
Answer: C. Urban Heat Island ✅
Explanation:
Urban surfaces absorb and retain more heat, leading to higher temperatures.
38. Which pair is correctly matched?
Answer: C. Appiko Movement – Karnataka ✅
Explanation:
Chipko Movement → Uttarakhand
Silent Valley Movement → Kerala
Appiko Movement → Karnataka
Narmada Bachao Andolan → Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra
39. The term "Carbon Footprint" refers to:
Answer: B. Total greenhouse gas emissions by an individual/activity ✅
Explanation:
Carbon footprint measures the total greenhouse gases emitted directly or indirectly.
40. Which is not a primary function of a map?
Answer: C. Exact replication of reality ✅
Explanation:
Maps are simplified representations of reality, not exact replicas.
41. Which projection is best suited for polar regions?
Answer: C. Azimuthal Projection ✅
Explanation:
Azimuthal projections preserve directions and are most suitable for mapping polar areas.
42. Which statements are correct?
(i) Remote sensing is a source of cartographic data ✔️
(ii) Digital databases allow easy updating ✔️
(iii) Cartographic data includes only spatial data ✖️
Answer: A. Only (i & ii) ✅
Explanation:
Cartographic data includes both spatial and attribute information.
43. Typography in cartography refers to:
Answer: C. Lettering and text design ✅
Explanation:
Typography deals with map lettering, font style, size and placement.
44. Which is a global mapping/charting organization?
Answer: B. International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) ✅
Explanation:
The International Hydrographic Organization coordinates global hydrographic activities.
45. Which statements are correct?
(i) Raster data represents continuous phenomena ✔️
(ii) Vector data represents discrete features ✔️
(iii) Raster data uses points, lines and polygons ✖️
Answer: A. Only (i & ii) ✅
Explanation:
Points, lines and polygons are characteristics of vector data, not raster data.
46. Which is the least suitable use of a thematic map?
Answer: C. Elevation contours ✅
Explanation:
Elevation contours are usually represented on topographic maps rather than thematic maps.
47. Which statements regarding resource classification are correct?
(i) Ubiquitous resources are found only in limited areas ✖️
(ii) Potential resources are not currently utilized ✔️
(iii) Non-renewable resources regenerate quickly ✖️
Answer: A. Only (ii) ✅
Explanation:
Potential resources exist but are not presently utilized.
48. The concept of profit maximization in location theory is associated with:
Answer: B. August Lösch ✅
Explanation:
August Lösch emphasized profit maximization in industrial location theory.
49. Which organization later evolved into the European Union?
Answer: C. EEC (European Economic Community) ✅
Explanation:
The European Economic Community eventually evolved into the European Union.
50. Which best explains high cropping intensity?
Answer: B. Repeated cultivation on the same land ✅
Explanation:
Cropping intensity refers to the number of crops grown on the same field during one agricultural year. Multiple cropping leads to high cropping intensity.
Formula:
[
\text{Cropping Intensity} = \frac{\text{Gross Cropped Area}}{\text{Net Sown Area}} \times 100
]
📌 Example: If land is cultivated twice or thrice in a year, cropping intensity increases.
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