Important questions for ISC geography class 12 part 1

1.State two problems affecting the fishing industry in Bangladesh.

Ans: Problems affecting the fishing industry in Bangladesh :

Severe tropical cyclones which frequently originate in the Bay of Bengal pose a serious threat to fishermen.

The present fish catch is still on a small scale, the boats are small and the methods used for fishing are traditional and inefficient.

2.Name one mining centre for each of the following :

(a) Mica in Andhra Pradesh: Nellore district.

(b) Iron ore in Odisha: Keonjhar or Mayurbhanj districts.

3.Name the two terminals of the East-West corridor

Ans: The two terminals of the East-West corridor are Silcher in Assam and Porbandar in Gujarat.

4.What is an agro-based industry ? Which is the largest agro-based industry in India ?

Ans: The two terminals of the East-West corridor are Silcher in Assam and Porbandar in Gujarat.

5.What is Agro-forestry ? Mention any two benefits of Agro-forestry.

Ans: Agro forestry involves the raising of trees and agricultural crops either on the same land or in close association in such a way that all land including the waste patches is put to good use.

Two benefits of Agro-forestry are :

The farmers are able to get food, fodder, fuel, fruit, and timber from their land.

The land gives maximum production and provides employment to rural masses.

6.Briefly explain any two adverse effects of small and fragmented holdings on agricultural productivity.

Ans: Effects of small fragmented holdings on agricultural productivity are :

Low agricultural productivity and backward state of our agriculture is due to the large amount of time and labour lost in moving seeds, manure and cattle from one piece of land to another.

Irrigation becomes difficult on such small and fragmented fields.

A lot of fertile agricultural land is wasted in providing boundaries. The farmer cannot concentrate on improvements.

7.State two ways in which forest area in our country can be increased.

Ans: Forest area can be increased by :

Massive trees plantations.

Vigorous restrictions on the reckless felling of trees.

Much of the area reclaimed from the forest for agriculture should be retired from cultivation and brought back under forest.

8.Mention three constraints explaining why cultivable waste land is not being used for cultivation at present.

Ans: The constraints are :

Due to human neglect large tracts of land of U.P., Punjab and Haryana turned infertile due to salinity or alkalinity of soil.

Due to extensive soil erosion or water logging or lack of water, agricultural land of the past had to be abandoned.

Due to unfavourable physiographic position or deficiencies in the soil resulting from faulty agricultural practices, large tracts of land now, can not be used for agriculture.

 

9. In which two ways are tube-wells better than ordinary wells as a form of irrigation ?

Ans: Tube Well

It generally irrigates 2 hectares of land per day.

Tube-wells can bring up water or irrigate land quickly with the help of machines

Ordinary Well

It irrigates 0 – 2 hec tares of land per day.

Wells take longer time to irrigate the same area.

10. With reference to canal irrigation, name one canal in each of the following states.

(i) Uttar Pradesh

(ii) Punjab

Ans: (i) Uttar Pradesh-Upper Ganga Canal.

(ii) Punjab – Bhakra Canal.

11.What is crop rotation ?

Ans: The growing of different variety of crops in succession on a piece of land to avoid ‘exhausting the soil and to control weeds, pests & diseases is called crop rotation.

12.Mention two reasons why crop rotation is necessary in India.

Ans: Crop rotation is necessary in India as :

It helps make the soil more fertile, as legumes such as beans and ground nuts fix nitrogen in the soil.

It helps to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers as nitrogen is fixed naturally in the soil.

It helps to control weeds, diseases and pests by breaking their life cycles.

It reduces the risk of crop failure in case of drought or diseases.

13.What is the importance of animal husbandry in Indian agriculture ?

Ans:  Animal husbandry forms a very important part of Indian agriculture. Animal husbandry and Dairy development plays a prominent role in the rural economy in supplementing the income of rural households, particularly, the landless and small and marginal farmers. It also provides subsidiary occupation in semiurban areas and more so for people living in hilly tribal and drought prone areas where crop output may not sustain families.

14. Differentiate between pelagic fish and demersal fish.

Ans:

Pelagic fish	demersal fish
These are generally small in size and swim near the surface.	These fish live at the bottom of shallow seas.
They are found in large shoals and may be caught close to the shore or far out at sea.	They prefer cooler waters and thus, are most frequently found at depths of about 40 metres where sunlight can easily penetrate.
E.g., macrakel, herring, etc.	E.g., cod, halibut, etc.

 

15.Name the following :

(i) A geothermal energy plant in Himachal Pradesh.

(ii) An offshore oilfield in the country.

(iii) The nuclear power station in Tamil Nadu.

 Ans:  (i) Manikaran.

(ii) Mumbai High.

(iii) Kalpakkam.

16. Explain two factors that affect inland waterways in India.

Ans: Factors affecting inland waterways in India are :

The rivers and canals do not have a regular flow of sufficient water.

Rivers of South India are seasonal and are not much suited for navigation due to the presence of waterfalls, cataracts and sharp bends in their course.

Silting of river beds reduces the depth of water and creates problems for navigation. Desilting of river beds is a way costlier affair.

17. Give reasons for the following

(i) There is a dense network of railways over the North Indian Plains.

Ans: North Indian Plains have a dense network of railways because :

 1. Northern plain area is a densely populated region with highly developed agriculture and industry.

2. Large scale urbanisation and industrialisation have created a great demand for rail transport.

3. It is a flat plain which is suitable for the construction of Railways.

 

(ii) Peninsular Plateau has a high proportion of metalled roads.

Ans: Peninsular Plateau has a high proportion of metalled roads due to :

High concentration of Industries.

Urbanisation.

Building materials are locally available.

(iii) A good transport network promotes industrial development.

Ans: Cheap and efficient transport is essential for the growth of industries as transport is a vital link between production and consumption, and also between production distribution. Transport facilities are required for carrying raw material and labour force to manufacturing site and carrying manufactured goods to the market. Thus, a good transport network promotes industrial development.

18.Mention one advantage and one disadvantage of air transport.

Ans: Advantage of air transport : It is very essential for a vast country like India where distances are large, and the terrain and the climatic conditions are so diverse. It is the fastest mode of transport which has reduced distances and converted the world into one unit.

Disadvantage of air transport : It is the ‘costliest mode of transport which many people cannot afford.

 

19. Differentiate between Telecommunication and Mass Communication.

Ans: .

 

 

Tele communication	Mass Communication
It provides for means of communication at the individual level and at the mass level through high speed transfer of messages from one part of the globe to another.	It provides means for creating awareness, providing in formation, education and healthy entertainment at the mass level.
Talex, Fax, Telegraph, Telephone are the main means of telecommunication.	Electronic media (radio and television) and print media (newspapers and periodicals) are the main components of mass communication.

 

20. State any two ways in which radio can still be considered as a powerful means of mass communication in remote areas.

Ans:  Radio is a powerful medium which provides all sorts of useful information, news and a variety of entertainment. AIR broadcasts in 24 languages and 146 dialects with a total network of 225 broadcasting centres covering 91.4% of the country, almost reaching the entire population in a linguistically diverse country like India.