Important questions for ISC geography// class 12// chapter - Agriculture// target 2023

1. Why is black soil suitable for dry farming? 

Ans. Black soil can retain moisture. The necessity of irrigation is less in black soil. That is why, black soil is suitable for dry farming.

2. Why is irrigation necessary in the high rainfall zone? 

Ans. Irrigation is necessary in the high rainfall zone due to:

(i) Seasonal rainfall

(ii) Presence of dry spells in the rainy season (iii) Erratic and uncertain nature of rainfall

3. Why is rice production mainly concentrated in West Bengal, Bihar and the coastal regions? 

Ans. Rice is a rainfed crop. It requires a high amount of water to grow. Hence, it grows in the high rainfall zone.

4. Why are Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh the traditional growers of wheat? 

Ans. Wheat requires a low amount of rainfall. This region receives winter rainfall and wheat is a winter crop.

5. Why is Indian agriculture mainly rainfed agriculture?

Ans. Seasmal rainfall and unavailability of perennial irrigation

. 6. Why are pulses grown after the production of cereal crops in the same field?

Ans. Cercals reduce the fertility of soil whereas pulses are leguminous crops that increase the family of soil by providing nitrogen in it

7. Why is crop rotation an essential part of Indian agriculture? 

Ans. Crop rotation is an essential part of Indian agriculture because: (1) It keeps the land in good with to utilise the land resources and labour force in an efficient way (a) It uses agricultural water resources more judiciously in dry climates where its availability It maintains the soil mutrients balance.

8. Why is crop combination or polyculture more prevalent in India than monoculture?

Ans. Crop combination is more prevalent in India than monoculture due to following reasons:

(i) Better nutrient utilisation-nutrients not utilised by one crop will be beneficial to another crop in the crop rotation

(ii) Higher crop resistance to plant pest.

 (ii) If there is crop failure of one type of crop, other crops help to bring profit and production

(iv) There is less chance of economic loss.

 9. Why is the only alternative left to increase agricultural production and productivity, the intensification of cropping?

Ans. Most of the physically suitable land for the cultivation is already under plough. Hence, there is very little chance for the expansion of net sown area in India

 10. Why is cropping intensity low in Thar desert and Deccan plateau regions?

Ans. Cropping intensity is low in Thar desert and Deccan plateau regions due to sesery or low rainfall areas; arid, semi-arid and semi-humid areas,

 11. Why are the small and fragmented land-holdings not profitable for agriculture?

Ans. The small and fragmented land-holdings are not profitable for agriculture due to following

reasons Large-scale wastage of fertile land, labour force and low yield.

12. Why is irrigation the most important agricultural input in a tropical monsoon country like India?

Ans. Irrigation is the most important agricultural input because:

(1) Rainfall is seasonal, uncertain, unreliable and erratic in nature. (ii) Agricultural production demand is high due to the large population.

13. Why do the producers or farmers, in general, suffer during the sale of agricultural products?

Ans. The producers or farmers suffer due to:

(1) Absence of an organised marketing structure everywhere.

(1) Presence of private traders and middlemen who dominate the marketing and trading of agricultural produce Why have high-yielding variety seeds limits?

14. Ans. The high-yielding variety seeds have limits because:

(1) The high yield crops require more water and fertilisers as compared to the normal varieties of crops. They are very costly too. (ii) The high yield crops, when compared with the traditional varieties, are generally more susceptible to diseases.

15. Why should organic farming be practised all over India? OR Why is organic farming better than conventional agriculture?

Ans. Compared with conventional agriculture:

 (i) Organic farming uses fewer pesticides,

(i) It reduces soil erosion.

(iii) It decreases nitrate leaching into groundwater and surface water.

(iv) It recycles animal waste back into the farm.

(v) It is eco-friendly.

16. What is crop rotation? Mention any four benefits of it.

Ans. Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area across a sequence of growing seasons. Benefits of crop rotation: (1) Increases soil fertility and crop yield.

(ii) Reduces soil erosion and limits the concentration of pests and diseases.

(i) Reduces the stress of weeds and improves the soil structure.

(iv) Reduces soil degradation and pollution and raises soil nutrients.

17. What is the necessity of the study of crop combination in India? Give two examples of crop combinations in India.

Ans. The concept of crop combination is a scientific technique to study the existing spatial relationship of crops association with other crops. Examples: In Punjab and Haryana, rice and wheat enter into the combination and in western Uttar Pradesh wheat, rice, and sugarcane constitute the combination.

18. What is Cropping Intensity? How and what is the benefit of increasing cropping intensity? Ans. Cropping intensity refers to raising of a number of crops from the same field during one agricultural year Cropping intensity Gross or Total Cropped Area/Net Sown Area × 100.

Cropping intensity can be increased: (

1) By increasing the number of crops per cropping cycle.

(ii) Intercropping with other crops

It can increase the frequency of harvests each year, resulting in increased food supplies without additional cropland expansion.

19. What is the Green Revolution? Why was it needed?

Ans. A huge increase in crop production in developing countries achieved by the use of artificial fertilisers, pesticides, and high-yield crop varieties that leads to a bumper crop production. The great increase in production of food grains (such as rice and wheat) is due to the introduction of high-yielding varieties (HYV) seeds, use of synthetic fertilisers and pesticides, and introduction of scientific management techniques. It was needed: (i) To overcome food shortages in India by increasing the yields of agricultural produce.

(ii) To alleviate hunger and poverty.

20. What are the needs of the Green Revolution in India? Ans. The method of Green Revolution focused on three basic needs:

(1) Using seeds with improved genetics (High Yielding Variety seeds).

(ii) Double cropping in the existing farmland. 

(iii) The continuing expansion of farming areas.